Vegetation history and human-environment interactions through the late Holocene in Konar Sandal, SE Iran

QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS

卷:194

Article

Gurjazkaite, Karolina¹  Routh, Joyanto¹  Djamali, Morteza²  Vaezi, Alireza³  Poher, Yoann²  Beni, Abdolmajid Naderi⁴  Tavakoli, Vahid⁵  Kylin, Henrik¹ 

[1] Linkoping Univ, Dept Themat Studies Environm Change, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden

[2] Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD,IMBE, Aix En Provence, France

[3] Univ Tehran, Grad Fac Environm, Enghelab Sq, Tehran 1417853111, Iran

[4] Iranian Natl Inst Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Etemadzadeh St, Tehran 1411813389, Iran

[5] Univ Tehran, Sch Geol, Coll Sci, Enghelab Sq, Tehran 1417853111, Iran

关键词: Agro-pastoralism;    Climate;    Halil Rud;    Late Holocene;    Peat;    Pollen;    Vegetation history;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.026

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The Jiroft valley, situated on banks of the Halil Rud developed as an important agricultural and trading center during the Early Bronze Age. Known for its famous steatite sculptures and clay pottery, the first settlement in Konar Sandal collapsed around 3rd millennium BCE. A second shorter, but major phase of occupation in the settlement occurred towards the end of 2nd millennium BCE. A 250-cm long peat sequence near the archaeological complex at Konar Sandal was investigated to reconstruct the human environment history using palynological, sedimentological and geochemical data. With a basal age of 4 ka, the core traces the hydroclimatic changes and human activities that started just after large scale abandonment of Konar Sandal and extends from the late Bronze Age to the Mongol invasion. The results show that Jiroft had an arid dry climate dominated by the Saharo-Sindian open pseudo-savanna vegetation. However, due to human clearance and intensified agro-sylvo-pastoral activities, and climatic factors, the land-cover shifted from open xeric scrublands to a more open degraded landscape. The principal human occupation was cereal cultivation and herding. However, it is likely that during the more arid periods, communities retreated and abandoned agriculture, facilitating successional processes. Such droughts occurred around 4.0-3.8 ka and 3.4-2.8 ka and are related to the Siberian Anticyclonic system. Declining Artemisia and shrubs indicate milder climates ca. 3.8-3.4 ka and 2.8-0.6 ka. The latter period that started with the rule of the Persian empires (550-650 BCE), and continued through the Islamic era, coincides with intensive human activities, and the highest degradation of vegetation. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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