Potential reference measurement procedures for PBDE in surface water at levels required by the EU Water Frame Directive

TALANTA

卷:152

Article

Swart, Claudia¹  Gantois, Fanny²  Petrov, Panayot³  Entwisle, John³  Goenaga-Infante, Heidi³  Nousiainen, Marjaana⁴  Bilsel, Mine⁵  Binici, Burcu⁵  Gonzalez-Gago, Adriana⁶  Proefrock, Daniel⁶  Goren, Ahmet C.⁵ 

[1] PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany

[2] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais LNE, 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, F-75724 Paris 15, France

[3] LGC Ltd LGC, Queens Rd, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England

[4] Finish Environm Inst SYKE, Hakuninmaantie 6, Helsinki 00430, Finland

[5] TUBITAK UME, Chem Grp, POB 54, TR-41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

[6] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Max Planck Str 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany

关键词: PBDE;    Water Frame Directive;    Water;    Method validation;    IDMS;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.066

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE), used as flame retardants, are named as priority substances in the Directive 2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. An annual average environmental quality standard (EQS) for inland surface waters of 0.0005 mu g/L (0.0002 mu g/L for other surface waters) for PBDE congeners involved in the technical penta-PBDE mixtures containing PBDE with five bromine atoms has been established. The directives focus especially on the congeners PBDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 contained in the penta-PBDE mixture. Up to now, no reference measurement procedures have been established reaching the limits of quantification (LOQs) and the associated uncertainties as defined in the directives with results traceable to the SI. Within a recent European project on metrology, different approaches for the traceable quantification of PBDE, based on liquid/liquid or solid phase extraction followed by the detection with gas chromatography coupled to either inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, were investigated and the related LOQs and expanded uncertainties of the results were compared. A complete uncertainty budget for each method was estimated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). All presented analytical procedures can serve as reference measurement procedures regarding the LOQs and their associated expanded uncertainties for monitoring the six priority PBDEs named above. LOQs as low as 0.026 ng/kg with an associated expanded uncertainty of 0.002 ng/kg could be achieved (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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