California Verbal Learning Test-II performance in schizophrenia as a function of ascertainment strategy: Comparing the first and second phases of the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS)

SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH

卷:163

Article

Stone, William S.^1,2  Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I.^1,2  Braff, David L.^3,15  Calkins, Monica E.⁴  Freedman, Robert¹⁶  Green, Michael F.^5,6  Greenwood, Tiffany A.³  Gur, Raquel E.⁴  Gur, Ruben C.⁴  Lazzeroni, Laura C.^7,17  Light, Gregory A.^3,15  Nuechterlein, Keith H.⁵  Olincy, Ann¹⁶  Radant, Allen D.^8,9  Siever, Larry J.^10,11  Silverman, Jeremy M.^10,11  Sprock, Joyce³  Sugar, Catherine A.¹²  Swerdlow, Neal R.³  Tsuang, Debby W.^8,9,13  Tsuang, Ming T.^3,14,15  Turetsky, Bruce I.⁴  Seidman, Larry J.^1,2 

[1] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA

[2] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Massachusetts Mental Hlth Ctr, Publ Psychiat Div, Boston, MA 02215 USA

[3] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

[4] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[5] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

[6] VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA

[7] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[8] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[9] VA Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USA

[10] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA

[11] James J Peters VA Med Ctr, New York, NY USA

[12] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA

[13] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Genom Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

[14] Harvard Inst Psychiat Epidemiol & Genet, Boston, MA USA

[15] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, VISN 22 Mental Illness Res Educ & Clin Ctr MIRECC, San Diego, CA USA

[16] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Denver, CO 80262 USA

[17] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

关键词: Endophenotype;    Verbal learning;    Memory;    Schizophrenia;    California Verbal Learning Test;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.029

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The first phase of the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS-1) showed performance deficits in learning and memory on the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II) in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), compared to healthy comparison subjects (HCS). A question is whether the COGS-1 study, which used a family study design (i.e. studying relatively intact families), yielded milder SZ phenotypes than those acquired subsequently in the COGS-2 case-control design that did not recruit unaffected family members. CVLT-II performance was compared for the COGS-1 and COGS-2 samples. Analyses focused on learning, recall and recognition variables, with age, gender and education as covariates. Analyses of COGS-2 data explored effects of additional covariates and moderating factors in CVLT-II performance. 324 SZ subjects and 510 HCS had complete CVLT-II and covariate data in COGS-1, while 1356 SZ and 1036 HCS had complete data in COGS-2. Except for recognition memory, analysis of covariance showed significantly worse performance in COGS-2 on all CVLT-II variables for SZ and HCS, and remained significant in the presence of the covariates. Performance in each of the 5 learning trials differed significantly. However, effect sizes comparing cases and controls were comparable across the two studies. COGS-2 analyses confirmed SZ performance deficits despite effects of multiple significant covariates and moderating factors. CVLT-II performance was worse in COGS-2 than in COGS-1 for both the SZ and the HCS in this large cohort, likely due to cohort effects. Demographically corrected data yield a consistent pattern of performance across the two studies in SZ. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.

【 授权许可】

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