Small streams-large concentrations? Pesticide monitoring in small agricultural streams in Germany during dry weather and rainfall

WATER RESEARCH

卷:203

Article

Halbach, Katharina¹  Moeder, Monika¹  Schrader, Steffi¹  Liebmann, Liana^2,3  Schaefer, Ralf B.⁴  Schneeweiss, Anke⁴  Schreiner, Verena C.⁴  Vormeier, Philipp^2,5  Weisner, Oliver^2,4  Liess, Matthias^2,5  Reemtsma, Thorsten^1,6 

[1] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Analyt Chem, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany

[2] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Syst Ecotoxicol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany

[3] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Fac Biol Sci, Inst Ecol Divers & Evolut, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany

[4] Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, D-76829 Landau, Germany

[5] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Environm Res Biol 5, Aachen, Germany

[6] Univ Leipzig, Inst Analyt Chem, Linnestr 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany

关键词: Neonicotinoids;    Chlorothalonil;    Field runoff;    Groundwater;    Surface water;    Transformation products;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.watres.2021.117535

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Few studies have examined the exposure of small streams (< 30 km(2) catchment size) to agriculturally used pesticides, compared to large rivers. A total of 105 sites in 103 small agricultural streams were investigated for 76 pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides) and 32 pesticide metabolites in spring and summer over two years (2018 and 2019) during dry weather and rainfall using event-driven sampling. The median total concentration of the 76 pesticides was 0.18 mu g/L, with 9 pesticides per sample on average (n = 815). This is significantly higher than monitoring data for larger streams, reflecting the close proximity to agricultural fields and the limited dilution by non-agricultural waters. The frequency of detection of all pesticides correlated with sales quantity and half-lives in water. Terbuthylazine, MCPA, boscalid, and tebuconazole showed the highest median concentrations. The median of the total concentration of the 32 metabolites exceeded the pesticide concentration by more than an order of magnitude. During dry weather, the median total concentration of the 76 pesticides was 0.07 mu g/L, with 5 pesticides per sample on average. Rainfall events increased the median total pesticide concentration by a factor of 10 (to 0.7 mu g/L), and the average number of pesticides per sample to 14 (with up to 41 in single samples). The concentration increase was particularly strong for 2,4-D, MCPA, terbuthylazine, and nicosulfumn (75 percentile). Metabolite concentrations were generally less responsive to rainfall, except for those of terbuthylazine, flufenacet, metamitron, and prothioconazole. The frequent and widespread exceedance of the regulatory acceptable concentrations (RAC) of the 76 pesticides during both, dry weather and rainfall, suggests that current plant protection product authorization and risk mitigation methods are not sufficient to protect small streams.

【 授权许可】

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