Wastewater compounds in urban shallow groundwater wells correspond to exfiltration probabilities of nearby sewers

WATER RESEARCH

卷:85

Article

Lee, Do Gyun^1,2  Roehrdanz, Patrick R.^1,2  Feraud, Marina^1,2  Ervin, Jared^1,2  Anumol, Tarun³  Jia, Ai³  Park, Minkyu³  Tamez, Carlos^4,5  Morelius, Erving W.^4,5  Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L.^4,5  Izbicki, John⁶  Means, Jay C.^1,2  Snyder, Shane A.³  Holden, Patricia A.^1,2 

[1] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[2] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[3] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[4] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA

[5] Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn PhD Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA

[6] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA

关键词: GIS;    Sanitary sewer exfiltration;    Compounds of emerging concern;    Wastewater indicators;    Fluorescence spectroscopy;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.048

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Wastewater compounds are frequently detected in urban shallow groundwater. Sources include sewage or reclaimed wastewater, but origins are often unknown. In a prior study, wastewater compounds were quantified in waters sampled from shallow groundwater wells in a small coastal California city. Here, we resampled those wells and expanded sample analyses to include sewage- or reclaimed water-specific indicators, i.e. pharmaceutical and personal care product chemicals or disinfection byproducts. Also, we developed a geographic information system (GIS)-based model of sanitary sewer exfiltration probability combining a published pipe failure model accounting for sewer pipe size, age, materials of construction, with interpolated depths to groundwater to determine if sewer system attributes relate to wastewater compounds in urban shallow groundwater. Across the wells, groundwater samples contained varying wastewater compounds, including acesulfame, sucralose, bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol, estrone and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). Fecal indicator bacterial concentrations and toxicological bioactivities were less than known benchmarks. However, the reclaimed water in this study was positive for all bioactivity tested. Excluding one well intruded by seawater, the similarity of groundwater to sewage, based on multiple indicators, increased with increasing sanitary sewer exfiltration probability (modeled from infrastructure within ca. 300 m of each well). In the absence of direct exfiltration or defect measurements, sewer exfiltration probabilities modeled from the collection system's physical data can indicate potential locations where urban shallow groundwater is contaminated by sewage. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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