The role of aromatic precursors in the formation of haloacetamides by chloramination of dissolved organic matter

WATER RESEARCH

卷:88

Article

Le Roux, Julien^1,2  Nihemaiti, Maolida^1,3  Croue, Jean-Philippe^1,3 

[1] Water Desalinat & Reuse Ctr, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia

[2] Univ Paris Est, AgroParisTech, UMR MA 102, LEESU, F-94010 Creteil, France

[3] Curtin Univ, Dept Chem, Curtin Water Qual Res Ctr, Perth, WA 6845, Australia

关键词: Chloramination;    Disinfection byproducts;    Haloacetamides;    Dissolved organic matter;    Aromatic compounds;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.036

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Water treatment utilities are diversifying their water sources and often rely on waters enriched in nitrogen-containing compounds (e.g., ammonia, organic nitrogen such as amino acids). The disinfection of waters exhibiting high levels of nitrogen has been associated with the formation of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) such as haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetamides (HAcAms). While the potential precursors of HANs have been extensively studied, only few investigations are available regarding the nature of HAcAm precursors. Previous research has suggested that HAcAms are hydrolysis products of HANs. Nevertheless, it has been recently suggested that HAcAms can be formed independently, especially during chloramination of humic substances. When used as a disinfectant, monochloramine can also be a source of nitrogen for N-DBPs. This study investigated the role of aromatic organic matter in the formation of N-DBPs (HAcAms and HANs) upon chloramination. Formation kinetics were performed from various fractions of organic matter isolated from surface waters or treated wastewater effluents. Experiments were conducted with N-15-labeled monochloramine ((NH2Cl)-N-15) to trace the origin of nitrogen. N-DBP formation showed a two-step profile: (1) a rapid formation following second-order reaction kinetics and incorporating nitrogen atom originating from the organic matrix (e.g., amine groups); and (2) a slower and linear increase correlated with exposure to chloramines, incorporating inorganic nitrogen (N-15) from (NH2Cl)-N-15 into aromatic moieties. Organic matter isolates showing high aromatic character (i.e., high SUVA) exhibited high reactivity characterized by a major incorporation of N-15 in N-DBPs. A significantly lower incorporation was observed for low-aromatic-content organic matter. N-15-DCAcAm and N-15-DCAN formations exhibited a linear correlation, suggesting a similar behavior of N-15 incorporation as SUVA increases. Chloramination of aromatic model compounds (i.e., phenol and resorcinol) showed higher HAcAm and HAN formation potentials than nitrogenous precursors (i.e., amino acids) usually considered as main precursors of these N-DBPs. These results demonstrate the importance of aromatic organic compounds in the formation of N-DBPs, which is of significant importance for water treatment facilities using chloramines as final disinfectant. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free