International snapshot of new psychoactive substance use: Case study of eight countries over the 2019/2020 new year period

WATER RESEARCH

卷:193

Article

Bade, Richard¹  White, Jason M.¹  Chen, Jingjing¹  Baz-Lomba, Jose Antonio²  Been, Frederic³  Bijlsma, Lubertus⁴  Burgard, Daniel A.⁵  Castiglioni, Sara⁶  Salgueiro-Gonzalez, Noelia⁶  Celma, Alberto⁴  Chappell, Andrew⁷  Emke, Erik³  Steenbeek, Ruud³  Wang, Degao⁸  Zuccato, Ettore⁶  Gerber, Cobus¹ 

[1] Univ South Australia, UniSA Clin & Hlth Sci, Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia

[2] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway

[3] KWR Water Res Inst, NL-3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands

[4] Univ Jaume 1, Res Inst Pesticides & Water, Environm & Publ Hlth Analyt Chem, Avda Sos Baynat S-N, E-12071 Castellon de La Plana, Spain

[5] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Chem, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA

[6] Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri IRCCS, Dept Environm Sci, Via Mario Negri 2, I-20156 Milan, Italy

[7] Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd ESR, Christchurch Sci Ctr, 27 Creyke Rd, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand

[8] Dalian Maritime Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, 1 Linghai Rd, Dalian 116026, Peoples R China

关键词: Wastewater analysis;    Synthetic cathinones;    New Year;    International trends;    Drugs;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.watres.2021.116891

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

There is considerable concern around the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS), but still little is known about how much they are really consumed. Analysis by forensics laboratories of seized drugs and post-mortem samples as well as hospital emergency rooms are the first line of identifying both 'new' NPS and those that are most dangerous to the community. However, NPS are not necessarily all seized by law enforcement agencies and only substances that contribute to fatalities or serious afflictions are recorded in post-mortem and emergency room samples. To gain a better insight into which NPS are most prevalent within a community, complementary data sources are required. In this work, influent wastewater was analysed from 14 sites in eight countries for a variety of NPS. All samples were collected over the 2019/2020 New Year period, a time which is characterized by celebrations and parties and therefore a time when more NPS may be consumed. Samples were extracted in the country of origin following a validated protocol and shipped to Australia for final analysis using two different mass spectrometric strategies. In total, more than 200 were monitored of which 16 substances were found, with geographical differences seen. This case study is the most comprehensive wastewater analysis study ever carried out for the identification of NPS and provides a starting point for future, ongoing monitoring of these substances. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free