Mapping hypoendemic, seasonal malaria in rural Bandarban, Bangladesh: a prospective surveillance

Malaria Journal

Methodology

Wasif A Khan¹  Jacob Khyang¹  Chai Shawi Prue¹  Mohammad Shafiul Alam¹  Rashidul Haque¹  Jasmin Akter¹  Sabeena Ahmed¹  Md Zahirul Haq¹  Alejandro Cravioto¹  Malathi Ram²  Gregory Glass²  Myaing Myaing Nyunt²  Timothy Shields²  David J Sullivan²  David A Sack²  Douglas Norris² 

[1] ICDDR, B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Clinical Sciences Division, Bangladesh;Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, JHBSPH, Baltimore, MD, USA;

关键词: Malaria;    Global Position System;    Rapid Diagnostic Test;    Demographic Surveillance System;    Passive Surveillance;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2875-10-124

 received in 2011-02-02, accepted in 2011-05-14,  发布年份 2011

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundUntil recently the Chittagong Hill tracts have been hyperendemic for malaria. A past cross-sectional RDT based survey in 2007 recorded rates of approximately 15%. This study was designed to understand the present epidemiology of malaria in this region, to monitor and facilitate the uptake of malaria intervention activities of the national malaria programme and to serve as an area for developing new and innovative control strategies for malaria.MethodsThis research field area was established in two rural unions of Bandarban District of Bangladesh north of Bandarban city, which are known to be endemic for malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. The project included the following elements: a) a demographic surveillance system including an initial census with updates every four months, b) periodic surveys of knowledge attitude and practice, c) a geographic information system, d) weekly active and continuous passive surveillance for malaria infections using smears, rapid tests and PCR, f) monthly mosquito surveillance, and e) daily weather measures. The programme included both traditional and molecular methods for detecting malaria as well as lab methods for speciating mosquitoes and detecting mosquitoes infected with sporozoites.ResultsThe demographic surveillance enumerated and mapped 20,563 people, 75% of which were tribal non-Bengali. The monthly mosquito surveys identified 22 Anopheles species, eight of which were positive by circumsporozoite ELISA. The annual rate of malaria was close to 1% with 85% of cases in the rainy months of May-October. Definitive clustering identified in the low transmission season persisted during the high transmission season.ConclusionThis demographically and geographically defined area, near to the Myanmar border, which is also hypoendemic for malaria, will be useful for future studies of the epidemiology of malaria and for evaluation of strategies for malaria control including new drugs and vaccines.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Khan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011