Particulate matter components and subclinical atherosclerosis: common approaches to estimating exposure in a Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cross-sectional study

Environmental Health

Research

Timothy R Gould¹  Timothy V Larson¹  Sverre Vedal²  Sun-Young Kim²  Joel D Kaufman³  Min Sun⁴  Ana V Diez Roux⁵  Matthew J Budoff⁶  Joseph F Polak⁷ 

[1] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington College of Engineering, WA, Seattle, USA;Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, #100, 98105, Seattle, WA, USA;Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, #100, 98105, Seattle, WA, USA;Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA;Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA;Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, #100, 98105, Seattle, WA, USA;Department of Occupational Health, Tianjin Medical University School of Public Health, Tianjin, China;Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;Department of Medicine, University of California David Gelfen School of Medicine at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;

关键词: Atherosclerosis;    Cardiovascular diseases;    Coronary artery disease;    Air pollution;    Particulate matter;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1476-069X-12-39

 received in 2013-01-25, accepted in 2013-04-24,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundConcentrations of outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been associated with cardiovascular disease. PM2.5 chemical composition may be responsible for effects of exposure to PM2.5.MethodsUsing data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) collected in 2000–2002 on 6,256 US adults without clinical cardiovascular disease in six U.S. metropolitan areas, we investigated cross-sectional associations of estimated long-term exposure to total PM2.5 mass and PM2.5 components (elemental carbon [EC], organic carbon [OC], silicon and sulfur) with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcium [CAC] and right common carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT]). Community monitors deployed for this study from 2007 to 2008 were used to estimate exposures at baseline addresses using three commonly-used approaches: (1) nearest monitor (the primary approach), (2) inverse-distance monitor weighting and (3) city-wide average.ResultsUsing the exposure estimate based on nearest monitor, in single-pollutant models, increased OC (effect estimate [95% CI] per IQR: 35.1 μm [26.8, 43.3]), EC (9.6 μm [3.6,15.7]), sulfur (22.7 μm [15.0,30.4]) and total PM2.5 (14.7 μm [9.0,20.5]) but not silicon (5.2 μm [−9.8,20.1]), were associated with increased CIMT; in two-pollutant models, only the association with OC was robust to control for the other pollutants. Findings were generally consistent across the three exposure estimation approaches. None of the PM measures were positively associated with either the presence or extent of CAC. In sensitivity analyses, effect estimates for OC and silicon were particularly sensitive to control for metropolitan area.ConclusionEmploying commonly-used exposure estimation approaches, all of the PM2.5 components considered, except silicon, were associated with increased CIMT, with the evidence being strongest for OC; no component was associated with increased CAC. PM2.5 chemical components, or other features of the sources that produced them, may be important in determining the effect of PM exposure on atherosclerosis. These cross-sectional findings await confirmation in future work employing longitudinal outcome measures and using more sophisticated approaches to estimating exposure.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Sun et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.