Bionomics of the malaria vector Anopheles farauti in Temotu Province, Solomon Islands: issues for malaria elimination

Malaria Journal

Research

Donna O Mackenzie¹  Robert D Cooper¹  Cheng-Chen Chen²  Charles Iro'ofa³  Charles Butafa³  Hugo Bugoro⁴  Tanya L Russell⁵ 

[1] Australian Army Malaria Institute, Gallipoli Barracks, 4052, Enoggera, Australia;Institute of Tropical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, 112, Taipei, Taiwan;National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Honiara, Solomon Islands;National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Honiara, Solomon Islands;Institute of Tropical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, 112, Taipei, Taiwan;The University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Australian Centre for Tropical and International Health, Pacific Malaria Initiative Support Centre, 4006, Herston, Australia;

关键词: Malaria;    Indoor Residual Spray;    Solomon Island;    Malaria Elimination;    Entomological Inoculation Rate;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2875-10-133

 received in 2011-04-04, accepted in 2011-05-18,  发布年份 2011

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundIn the Solomon Islands, the Malaria Eradication Programmes of the 1970s virtually eliminated the malaria vectors: Anopheles punctulatus and Anopheles koliensis, both late night biting, endophagic species. However, the vector, Anopheles farauti, changed its behaviour to bite early in the evening outdoors. Thus, An. farauti mosquitoes were able to avoid insecticide exposure and still maintain transmission. Thirty years on and the Solomon Islands are planning for intensified malaria control and localized elimination; but little is currently known about the behaviour of the vectors and how they will respond to intensified control.MethodsIn the elimination area, Temotu Province, standard entomological collection methods were conducted in typical coastal villages to determine the vector, its ecology, biting density, behaviour, longevity, and vector efficacy. These vector surveys were conducted pre-intervention and post-intervention following indoor residual spraying and distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets.ResultsAnopheles farauti was the only anopheline in Temotu Province. In 2008 (pre-intervention), this species occurred in moderate to high densities (19.5-78.5 bites/person/night) and expressed a tendency to bite outdoors, early in the night (peak biting time 6-8 pm). Surveys post intervention showed that there was little, if any, reduction in biting densities and no reduction in the longevity of the vector population. After adjusting for human behaviour, indoor biting was reduced from 57% pre-intervention to 40% post-intervention.ConclusionIn an effort to learn from historical mistakes and develop successful elimination programmes, there is a need for implementing complimentary vector control tools that can target exophagic and early biting vectors. Intensified indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide net use has further promoted the early, outdoor feeding behaviour of An. farauti in the Solomon Islands. Consequently, the effectiveness of IRS and the personal protection provided by bed nets is compromised. To achieve elimination, any residual transmission should be targeted using integrated vector control incorporating complementary tools such as larviciding and/or zooprophylaxis.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Bugoro et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011