Reviewing South Africa’s malaria elimination strategy (2012–2018): progress, challenges and priorities

Malaria Journal

Research

John Frean¹  Basil Brooke¹  Jaishree Raman²  Eric Raswiswi³  Aaron Mabusa⁴  Philip Kruger⁵  Lucille Blumberg⁶  Natashia Morris⁷  Devanand Moonasar⁸  Eunice Misani⁹  Bridget Shandukani⁹  Mary-Anne Groepe^1,10 

[1] Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa;Wits Research Institute for Malaria, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa;Wits Research Institute for Malaria, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;Department of Health KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Government, Jozini, South Africa;Department of Health and Social Services, Mpumalanga Provincial Government, Nelspruit, South Africa;Department of Health and Social Welfare, Limpopo Provincial Government, Tzaneen, South Africa;Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa;Health GIS Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa;Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;Malaria Directorate, National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa;Malaria Directorate, National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa;WHO Intercountry Support Team, Pretoria, South Africa;

关键词: Malaria;    Elimination;    South Africa;    Vector control;    Case management;    Surveillance;    Challenges;    Priorities;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12936-016-1497-x

 received in 2016-06-09, accepted in 2016-08-18,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Background With a sustained national malaria incidence of fewer than one case per 1000 population at risk, in 2012 South Africa officially transitioned from controlling malaria to the ambitious goal of eliminating malaria within its borders by 2018. This review assesses the progress made in the 3 years since programme re-orientation while highlighting challenges and suggesting priorities for moving the malaria programme towards elimination.Methods National malaria case data and annual spray coverage data from 2010 until 2014 were assessed for trends. Information on surveillance, monitoring and evaluation systems, human and infrastructure needs and community malaria knowledge was sourced from the national programme mid-term review.ResultsMalaria cases increased markedly from 6811 in 2013 to 11,711 in 2014, with Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces most affected. Enhanced local transmission appeared to drive malaria transmission in Limpopo Province, while imported malaria cases accounted for the majority of cases reported in Mpumalanga Province. Despite these increases only Vhembe and Mopani districts in Limpopo Province reported malaria incidences more than one case per 1000 population at risk by 2014. Over the review period annual spray coverage did not reach the recommended target of 90 % coverage, with information gaps identified in parasite prevalence, artemether-lumefantrine therapeutic utilization, asymptomatic/sub-patent carriage, drug efficacy, vector distribution and insecticide resistance.ConclusionsAlthough South Africa has made steady progress since adopting an elimination agenda, a number of challenges have been identified. The heterogeneity of malaria transmission suggests interventions in Vhembe and Mopani districts should focus on control, while in KwaZulu-Natal Province eliminating transmission foci should be prioritized. Cross-border initiatives with neighbouring countries should be established/strengthened as a matter of urgency since malaria importation poses a real threat to the country’s elimination efforts. It is also critical that provincial programmes are adequately resourced to effectively conduct the necessary targeted elimination activities, informed by current vector/parasite distribution and resistance data. More sensitive methods to detect sub-patent infections, primaquine as a transmission-blocking drug, and alternative vector control methods need to be investigated. Knowledge gaps among malaria health workers and affected communities should be identified and addressed.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2016