Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between energy intake and BMI z-score in European children

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Research

Toomas Veidebaum¹  Éva Kovács²  Vittorio Krogh³  Valeria Pala³  Gabriele Eiben⁴  Stefaan De Henauw⁵  Luis A. Moreno⁶  Gianvincenzo Barba⁷  Antje Hebestreit⁸  Maike Wolters⁸  Claudia Börnhorst⁸  Charalampos Hadjigeorgiou⁹ 

[1] Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia;Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary and Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology and German Centre for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany;Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain;Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy;Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS GmbH, Achterstr. 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany;Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus;

关键词: Residual energy intake;    Europe;    Cohort;    BMI z-score;    Children;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12966-016-0344-3

 received in 2015-07-14, accepted in 2016-02-06,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundEvidence for the effect of dietary energy on BMI z-scores in young children is limited. We aim to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of daily energy intake (EI) on BMI z-scores of European boys and girls considering growth-related height dependencies of EI using residual EI.MethodsTo investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of daily energy intake (EI) on BMI z-scores of European boys and girls considering growth-related height dependencies of EI using residual EI.MethodsSubjects were children aged 2- < 10 y old (N = 2753, 48.2 % girls) participating in the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) baseline and follow-up examination. Usual EI (kcal/day) was calculated based on the National Cancer Institute-method excluding subjects with implausible reported EI. Effect of age, height and sex-adjusted residuals of EI on BMI z-score was investigated stratified by baseline age –group (2- < 4 y, 4- < 6 y, 6- < 8 y and 8- < 10 y) cross-sectionally using linear regression models adjusted for relevant confounders (crude model: age, sex, country; fully adjusted model: plus parental ISCED level, parental BMI, screen time; subgroup analysis: plus objectively measured physical activity). Longitudinal associations were estimated between changes in (Δ) residual EI per year and ΔBMI z-score per year with adjustments analogously to the cross-sectional models but with additional adjustment for residual EI at baseline.ResultsCross-sectionally, positive associations were observed between residual EI and BMI z-score for the full study sample, for boys and in older (≥6 years) but not in younger children in the crude and fully adjusted model. Longitudinally, small positive associations were observed between Δresidual EI per y on ΔBMI z-score per y for the full study sample and in 4- < 6 y olds in the crude and fully adjusted model.ConclusionIn conclusion, EI above the average intakes for a certain sex, age and height are weakly associated with BMI z-scores in European children. Residual EI may be considered as a useful exposure measure in children as it accounts for growth-related changes in usual EI during childhood.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Hebestreit et al. 2016

【 图 表 】

Fig. 3