Changes in the food environment over time: examining 40 years of data in the Framingham Heart Study

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Research

A. James O’Malley¹  SV Subramanian²  Peter James³  Michael W. Seward³  Jason P. Block⁴ 

[1] Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Dartmouth Institute, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA;Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA;Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Life Course (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Dr Suite 401, 02215, Boston, MA, USA;Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Life Course (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Dr Suite 401, 02215, Boston, MA, USA;Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA;

关键词: Food environment;    Fast food;    Supermarkets;    Geographic information systems;    Prospective cohort study;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12966-017-0537-4

 received in 2016-12-13, accepted in 2017-06-13,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundResearch has explored associations between diet, body weight, and the food environment; however, few studies have examined historical trends in food environments.MethodsIn the Framingham Heart Study Offspring (N = 3321) and Omni (N = 447) cohorts, we created food environment metrics in four Massachusetts towns utilizing geocoded residential, workplace, and food establishment addresses from 1971 to 2008. We created multilevel models adjusted for age, sex, education, and census tract poverty to examine trends in home, workplace, and commuting food environments.ResultsProximity to and density of supermarkets, fast-food, full service restaurants, convenience stores, and bakeries increased over time for residential, workplace, and commuting environments; exposure to grocery stores decreased. The greatest increase in access was for supermarkets, with residential distance to the closest supermarket 1406 m closer (95% CI 1303 m, 1508 m) by 2005–2008 than in 1971–1975. Although poorer census tracts had higher access to fast-food restaurants consistently across follow-up, this disparity dissipated over time, due to larger increases in proximity to fast-food in wealthier neighborhoods.ConclusionsAccess to most food establishment types increased over time, with similar trends across home, workplace, and commuter environments.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2017