Malaria Journal | |
Malaria incidence and entomological findings in an area targeted for a cluster-randomized controlled trial to prevent malaria in Ethiopia: results from a pilot study | |
Research | |
Oljira Kenea1  Meshesha Balkew1  Teshome Gebre-Michael1  Bjarne Robberstad2  Bernt Lindtjørn2  Hans J. Overgaard3  Wakgari Deressa4  Alemayehu Hailu5  Eskindir Loha6  Taye Gari7  | |
[1] Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway;Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Montpellier, France;Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand;School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;School of Public and Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia;School of Public and Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia;Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; | |
关键词: Malaria; Incidence; Indoor residual spraying; Long-lasting insecticidal nets; Anopheles arabiensis; Ethiopia; | |
DOI : 10.1186/s12936-016-1199-4 | |
received in 2015-08-19, accepted in 2016-03-01, 发布年份 2016 | |
来源: Springer | |
【 摘 要 】
BackgroundThis study was part of the work to prepare for a cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of combining indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets on malaria incidence. A pilot study was done to estimate the variations of malaria incidence among villages, combined with entomological collections and an assessment of susceptibility to insecticides in malaria vectors.MethodsA cohort of 5309 residents from four kebeles (the lowest government administrative unit) in 996 households was followed from August to December 2013 in south-central Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected by a finger prick for a microscopic examination of malaria infections. A multilevel mixed effect model was applied to measure the predictors of malaria episode. Adult mosquitoes were collected using light traps set indoors close to a sleeping person, pyrethrum spray sheet catches and artificial outdoor pit shelters. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the sources of mosquito blood meals, while mosquito longevity was estimated based on parity. The World Health Organization’s tube bioassay test was used to assess the insecticide susceptibility status of malaria vectors to pyrethroids and carbamates.ResultsThe average incidence of malaria episode was 4.6 per 10,000 person weeks of observation. The age group from 5 to 14 years (IRR = 2.7; 95 % CI 1.1–6.6) and kebeles near a lake or river (IRR = 14.2, 95 % CI 3.1–64) were significantly associated with malaria episode. Only 271 (27.3 %) of the households owned insecticide-treated nets. Of 232 adult Anopheles mosquitoes collected, Anopheles arabiensis (71.1 %) was the predominant species. The average longevity of An. arabiensis was 14 days (range: 7–25 human blood index days). The overall human blood index (0.69) for An. arabiensis was higher than the bovine blood index (0.38). Statistically significant differences in Anopheline mosquitoes abundance were observed between the kebeles (P = 0.001). Anopheles arabiensis was susceptible to propoxur, but resistant to pyrethroids. However, An. pharoensis was susceptible to all pyrethroids and carbamates tested.ConclusionsThis study showed a high variation in malaria incidence and Anopheles between kebeles. The observed susceptibility of the malaria vectors to propoxur warrants using this insecticide for indoor residual spraying, and the results from this study will be used as a baseline for the trial.
【 授权许可】
CC BY
© Gari et al. 2016
【 预 览 】
Files | Size | Format | View |
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RO202311106885934ZK.pdf | 1405KB | download |
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