The association of kidney function with repetitive breath-hold diving activities of female divers from Korea, Haenyeo

BMC Nephrology

Research Article

Chungsik Lee¹  Kyong-Suk Chae¹  Jiwon Rhu¹  Sung Soo Kim¹  Yun Jung Oh²  Ji Yong Jung³ 

[1] Department of Internal Medicine, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Doryeong-ro 65, 63127, Jeju, Korea;Department of Internal Medicine, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Doryeong-ro 65, 63127, Jeju, Korea;Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea;Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea;Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea;

关键词: Breath-hold diving;    Kidney function;    Repetitive apnea;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12882-017-0481-1

 received in 2016-08-19, accepted in 2017-02-09,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundVoluntary apnea during breath-hold diving (BHD) induces cardiovascular changes including bradycardia, reduced cardiac output, and arterial hypertension. Although the impacts of repetitive BHD on cardiovascular health have been studied previously, the long-term risk for kidney dysfunction has never been investigated.MethodsA cross-sectional propensity score-matched study was performed to evaluate the influence of repetitive long-lasting BHD on kidney function. Using matching propensity scores (PS), 715 breath-hold female divers (Haenyeo) and non-divers were selected for analysis from 1,938 female divers and 3,415 non-divers, respectively. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated to be less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was investigated in both diver and non-diver groups.ResultsThe prevalence of CKD was significantly higher in breath-hold divers compared with non-divers after PS matching (12.6% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, BHD activity was significantly associated with the risk of CKD in an unmatched cohort (OR, 1.976; 95% CI, 1.465–2.664). In the PS-matched cohort, BHD remained the independent risk factor for CKD even after adjusting for multiple covariates (OR 1.967; 95% CI, 1.341–2.886).ConclusionShallow but repetitive intermittent apnea by BHD, sustained for a long period of time, may potentially cause a deterioration in kidney function, as a long-term consequence.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2017