Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

BMC Medicine

Research Article

Darren C. Greenwood¹  Lars T. Fadnes²  Teresa Norat³  Elio Riboli³  NaNa Keum⁴  Edward Giovannucci⁵  Serena Tonstad⁶  Lars J. Vatten⁷  Dagfinn Aune⁸  Paolo Boffetta⁹ 

[1] Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK;Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care & Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK;Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA;Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA;Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA;Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;Department of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway;Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway;Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway;Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK;The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA;

关键词: Nuts;    Peanuts;    Cardiovascular disease;    Cancer;    All-cause mortality;    Cause-specific mortality;    Meta-analysis;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12916-016-0730-3

 received in 2016-01-28, accepted in 2016-10-26,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAlthough nut consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, data on less common causes of death has not been systematically assessed. Previous reviews missed several studies and additional studies have since been published. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.MethodsPubMed and Embase were searched for prospective studies of nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adult populations published up to July 19, 2016. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. The burden of mortality attributable to low nut consumption was calculated for selected regions.ResultsTwenty studies (29 publications) were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RRs per 28 grams/day increase in nut intake was for coronary heart disease, 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63–0.80, I2 = 47%, n = 11), stroke, 0.93 (95% CI: 0.83–1.05, I2 = 14%, n = 11), cardiovascular disease, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70–0.88, I2 = 60%, n = 12), total cancer, 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76–0.94, I2 = 42%, n = 8), all-cause mortality, 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72–0.84, I2 = 66%, n = 15), and for mortality from respiratory disease, 0.48 (95% CI: 0.26–0.89, I2 = 61%, n = 3), diabetes, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.43–0.88, I2 = 0%, n = 4), neurodegenerative disease, 0.65 (95% CI: 0.40–1.08, I2 = 5.9%, n = 3), infectious disease, 0.25 (95% CI: 0.07–0.85, I2 = 54%, n = 2), and kidney disease, 0.27 (95% CI: 0.04–1.91, I2 = 61%, n = 2). The results were similar for tree nuts and peanuts. If the associations are causal, an estimated 4.4 million premature deaths in the America, Europe, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific would be attributable to a nut intake below 20 grams per day in 2013.ConclusionsHigher nut intake is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality, and mortality from respiratory disease, diabetes, and infections.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2016