Major milestones in translational oncology

BMC Medicine

Forum

Antoni Castells¹  Vathany Kulasingam²  Eleftherios P. Diamandis³  Wade T. Iams⁴  Christine M. Lovly⁵  J. P. Michiel Sedelaar⁶  Jack A. Schalken⁶  Helena Earl⁷  Tommaso A. Dragani⁸ 

[1] Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA;Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA;Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA;Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA;Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;Deptartment of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK;Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G.A. Amadeo 42, I-20133, Milan, Italy;

关键词: Biomarkers;    Cancer vaccines;    Early diagnosis;    Genetic profile;    Immunotherapy;    Individual risk;    Liquid biopsy;    Mutational landscape;    Next generation sequencing;    Tumorigenesis;    Colorectal;    Ovarian;    Breast;    Lung;    Prostate;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12916-016-0654-y

 received in 2016-07-05, accepted in 2016-07-13,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Translational oncology represents a bridge between basic research and clinical practice in cancer medicine. Today, translational research in oncology benefits from an abundance of knowledge resulting from genome-scale studies regarding the molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis. In this Forum article, we highlight the state of the art of translational oncology in five major cancer types. We illustrate the use of molecular profiling to subtype colorectal cancer for both diagnosis and treatment, and summarize the results of a nationwide screening program for ovarian cancer based on detection of a tumor biomarker in serum. Additionally, we discuss how circulating tumor DNA can be assayed to safely monitor breast cancer over the course of treatment, and report on how therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is proving effective in advanced lung cancer. Finally, we summarize efforts to use molecular profiling of prostate cancer biopsy specimens to support treatment decisions. Despite encouraging early successes, we cannot disregard the complex genetics of individual susceptibility to cancer nor the enormous complexity of the somatic changes observed in tumors, which urge particular attention to the development of personalized therapies.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2016