Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic analysis with Sanger and next-generation sequencing shows that, in Área de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, the skipper butterfly named Urbanus belli(family Hesperiidae) comprises three morphologically cryptic species

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Research Article

Claudia Bertrand¹  Joel F Gibson¹  Mehrdad Hajibabaei¹  Shadi Shokralla²  Winnie Hallwachs³  Daniel H Janzen³  John M Burns⁴ 

[1] Biodiversity Institute of Ontario & Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;Biodiversity Institute of Ontario & Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;Department of Microbiology, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt;Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O.Box 37012, 20013-7012, Washington, DC, USA;

关键词: Lepidoptera;    Intragenomic variation;    Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling;    Phylogeny;    DNA barcoding;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-14-153

 received in 2014-02-19, accepted in 2014-06-17,  发布年份 2014

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundSkipper butterflies (Hesperiidae) are a relatively well-studied family of Lepidoptera. However, a combination of DNA barcodes, morphology, and natural history data has revealed several cryptic species complexes within them. Here, we investigate three DNA barcode lineages of what has been identified as Urbanus belli (Hesperiidae, Eudaminae) in Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica.ResultsAlthough no morphological traits appear to distinguish among the three, congruent nuclear and mitochondrial lineage patterns show that “Urbanus belli” in ACG is a complex of three sympatric species. A single strain of Wolbachia present in two of the three cryptic species indicates that Urbanus segnestami Burns (formerly Urbanus belliDHJ01), Urbanus bernikerni Burns (formerly Urbanus belliDHJ02), and Urbanus ehakernae Burns (formerly Urbanus belliDHJ03) may be biologically separated by Wolbachia, as well as by their genetics. Use of parallel sequencing through 454-pyrosequencing improved the utility of ITS2 as a phylogenetic marker and permitted examination of the intra- and interlineage relationships of ITS2 variants within the species complex. Interlineage, intralineage and intragenomic compensatory base pair changes were discovered in the secondary structure of ITS2.ConclusionThese findings corroborate the existence of three cryptic species. Our confirmation of a novel cryptic species complex, initially suggested by DNA barcode lineages, argues for using a multi-marker approach coupled with next-generation sequencing for exploration of other suspected species complexes.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Bertrand et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.