Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic analysis with Sanger and next-generation sequencing shows that, in Área de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, the skipper butterfly named Urbanus belli (family Hesperiidae) comprises three morphologically cryptic species

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Mehrdad Hajibabaei²  Shadi Shokralla⁴  Joel F Gibson²  John M Burns³  Winnie Hallwachs¹  Daniel H Janzen¹  Claudia Bertrand² 

[1] Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;Biodiversity Institute of Ontario & Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada;Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O.Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA;Department of Microbiology, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt

关键词: DNA barcoding;    Phylogeny;    Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling;    Intragenomic variation;    Lepidoptera;   

Others  :  1126898
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-14-153

 received in 2014-02-19, accepted in 2014-06-17,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae) are a relatively well-studied family of Lepidoptera. However, a combination of DNA barcodes, morphology, and natural history data has revealed several cryptic species complexes within them. Here, we investigate three DNA barcode lineages of what has been identified as Urbanus belli (Hesperiidae, Eudaminae) in Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica.

Results

Although no morphological traits appear to distinguish among the three, congruent nuclear and mitochondrial lineage patterns show that “Urbanus belli” in ACG is a complex of three sympatric species. A single strain of Wolbachia present in two of the three cryptic species indicates that Urbanus segnestami Burns (formerly Urbanus belliDHJ01), Urbanus bernikerni Burns (formerly Urbanus belliDHJ02), and Urbanus ehakernae Burns (formerly Urbanus belliDHJ03) may be biologically separated by Wolbachia, as well as by their genetics. Use of parallel sequencing through 454-pyrosequencing improved the utility of ITS2 as a phylogenetic marker and permitted examination of the intra- and interlineage relationships of ITS2 variants within the species complex. Interlineage, intralineage and intragenomic compensatory base pair changes were discovered in the secondary structure of ITS2.

Conclusion

These findings corroborate the existence of three cryptic species. Our confirmation of a novel cryptic species complex, initially suggested by DNA barcode lineages, argues for using a multi-marker approach coupled with next-generation sequencing for exploration of other suspected species complexes.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Bertrand et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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