Role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites on gut homeostasis and human diseases

BMC Immunology

Review

Lan Lin¹  Jianqiong Zhang² 

[1] Department of Bioengineering, Medical School, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China;Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China;

关键词: Intestinal microbiota;    Gut homeostasis;    Immune responses;    Regulatory T cells (Tregs);    Dendritic cells (DCs);    Metabolic disorder;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12865-016-0187-3

 received in 2016-07-27, accepted in 2016-12-20,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundA vast diversity of microbes colonizes in the human gastrointestinal tract, referred to intestinal microbiota. Microbiota and products thereof are indispensable for shaping the development and function of host innate immune system, thereby exerting multifaceted impacts in gut health.MethodsThis paper reviews the effects on immunity of gut microbe-derived nucleic acids, and gut microbial metabolites, as well as the involvement of commensals in the gut homeostasis. We focus on the recent findings with an intention to illuminate the mechanisms by which the microbiota and products thereof are interacting with host immunity, as well as to scrutinize imbalanced gut microbiota (dysbiosis) which lead to autoimmune disorders including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and systemic immune syndromes such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA).ResultsIn addition to their well-recognized benefits in the gut such as occupation of ecological niches and competition with pathogens, commensal bacteria have been shown to strengthen the gut barrier and to exert immunomodulatory actions within the gut and beyond. It has been realized that impaired intestinal microbiota not only contribute to gut diseases but also are inextricably linked to metabolic disorders and even brain dysfunction.ConclusionsA better understanding of the mutual interactions of the microbiota and host immune system, would shed light on our endeavors of disease prevention and broaden the path to our discovery of immune intervention targets for disease treatment.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2017