Effect of prior receipt of antibiotics on the pathogen distribution and antibiotic resistance profile of key Gram-negative pathogens among patients with hospital-onset urinary tract infections

BMC Infectious Diseases

Research Article

Thomas P. Lodise¹  Monique R. Bidell¹  Melissa Palchak Opraseuth²  John Mohr²  Min Yoon² 

[1] Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Avenue, 12208-3492, Albany, NY, USA;Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA;

关键词: Antibiotic use;    Antimicrobial resistance;    Fluoroquinolones;    Gram-negative pathogens;    Multidrug resistant;    Urinary tract infection;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12879-017-2270-7

 received in 2016-09-23, accepted in 2017-02-17,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThis retrospective cohort study characterized the impact of prior antibiotic exposure on distribution and nonsusceptibility profiles of Gram-negative pathogens causing hospital-onset urinary tract infections (UTI).MethodsHospital patients with positive urine culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other Enterobacteriaceae ≥3 days after hospital admission were included. Assessment outcomes included the distribution of bacteria in urine cultures, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and the effect of prior antibiotic exposure, defined as 0, 1, or ≥2 prior antibiotics, on the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the Gram-negative organisms.ResultsThe most commonly isolated pathogens from 5574 unique UTI episodes (2027 with and 3547 without prior antibiotic exposure) were E. coli (49.5%), K. pneumoniae (17.1%), and P. aeruginosa (8.2%). P. aeruginosa was significantly more commonly isolated in patients with ≥2 prior antibiotic exposures (12.6%) compared with no exposure (8.2%; p = 0.036) or 1 prior exposure (7.9%; p = 0.025). Two or more prior antibiotic exposures were associated with slightly higher incidences of fluoroquinolone nonsusceptibility, multidrug resistance, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype compared with 0 or 1 exposure, suggesting an increased risk for resistant Gram-negative pathogens among hospital patients with urinary tract infections occurring ≥3 days after admission.ConclusionsClinicians should critically assess prior antibiotic exposure when selecting empirical therapy for patients with hospital-onset urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2017