Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models

BMC Ophthalmology

Review

Evon Low¹  Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir²  Lidawani Lambuk³  Rohimah Mohamud³  Saiful Anuar Singar⁴  Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan⁵  Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere⁶  Nur Hidayah Reshidan⁷  Renu Agarwal⁸  Igor Iezhitsa⁹ 

[1] Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia;Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia;Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, 32306, Tallahassee, FL, USA;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM), Bukit Baru, 75150, Melaka, Malaysia;Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia;School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia;School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq. 1, 400131, Volgograd, Russian Federation;

关键词: Diabetic retinopathy;    Experimental models;    In vitro;    In vivo;    Ex vivo;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12886-023-03155-1

 received in 2023-04-03, accepted in 2023-09-26,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Globally, DR prevalence among DM patients is 25%, and 6% have vision-threatening problems among them. With the higher incidence of DM globally, more DR cases are expected to be seen in the future. In order to comprehend the pathophysiological mechanism of DR in humans and discover potential novel substances for the treatment of DR, investigations are typically conducted using various experimental models. Among the experimental models, in vivo models have contributed significantly to understanding DR pathogenesis. There are several types of in vivo models for DR research, which include chemical-induced, surgical-induced, diet-induced, and genetic models. Similarly, for the in vitro models, there are several cell types that are utilised in DR research, such as retinal endothelial cells, Müller cells, and glial cells. With the advancement of DR research, it is essential to have a comprehensive update on the various experimental models utilised to mimic DR environment. This review provides the update on the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models used in DR research, focusing on their features, advantages, and limitations.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023