Association of pyrethroid pesticide exposure with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children

Environmental Health

Research

Joseph M. Braun¹  Melissa Wagner-Schuman²  Jeffery N. Epstein³  Tanya E. Froehlich⁴  Kimberly Yolton⁵  Jason R. Richardson⁶  Bruce P. Lanphear⁷  Peggy Auinger⁸ 

[1] Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-2, 02912, Providence, RI, USA;Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA;Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA;Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA;Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA;Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA;Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA;Division of General and Community Pediatrics, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA;Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, EOHSI 340, Piscataway, NJ, USA;Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 08854, Piscataway, NJ, USA;Simon Fraser University, 3415 Ash Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada;Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada;University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY, USA;Department of Neurology, Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics, 14642, Rochester, NY, USA;

关键词: ADHD;    Attention;    Hyperactivity;    Behavior;    Pyrethroid;    Pesticide;    Environmental exposure;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12940-015-0030-y

 received in 2014-12-18, accepted in 2015-05-08,  发布年份 2015

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundPyrethroid pesticides cause abnormalities in the dopamine system and produce an ADHD phenotype in animal models, with effects accentuated in males versus females. However, data regarding behavioral effects of pyrethroid exposure in children is limited. We examined the association between pyrethroid pesticide exposure and ADHD in a nationally representative sample of US children, and tested whether this association differs by sex.MethodsData are from 8–15 year old participants (N = 687) in the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Exposure was assessed using concurrent urinary levels of the pyrethroid metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). ADHD was defined by either meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition criteria on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) or caregiver report of a prior diagnosis. ADHD symptom counts were determined via the DISC. Multivariable logistic regression examined the link between pyrethroid exposure and ADHD, and poisson regression investigated the link between exposure and ADHD symptom counts.ResultsChildren with urinary 3-PBA above the limit of detection (LOD) were twice as likely to have ADHD compared with those below the LOD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.42; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 5.57). Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms increased by 50 % for every 10-fold increase in 3-PBA levels (adjusted count ratio 1.50; 95 % CI 1.03, 2.19); effects on inattention were not significant. We observed possible sex-specific effects: pyrethroid biomarkers were associated with increased odds of an ADHD diagnosis and number of ADHD symptoms for boys but not girls.ConclusionsWe found an association between increasing pyrethroid pesticide exposure and ADHD which may be stronger for hyperactive-impulsive symptoms compared to inattention and in boys compared to girls. Given the growing use of pyrethroid pesticides, these results may be of considerable public health import.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Wagner-Schuman et al. 2015. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.