The role of retinoic acid in hepatic lipid homeostasis defined by genomic binding and transcriptome profiling

BMC Genomics

Research Article

Yaping Fang¹  Jianwen Fang²  Qi Zhan³  Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan⁴  Yuqi He⁴  Yanliu Lu⁴  Hui-Xin Liu⁴  Grace L Guo⁵  Lei Gong⁶  Lois Lehman-McKeeman⁶ 

[1] Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA;Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr. Rockville, 20850, Rockville, MD, USA;Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, First Municipal People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, 510180, Guangzhou, China;Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Health Systems, 95817, Sacramento, CA, USA;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 08854, Piscataway, NJ, USA;Discovery Toxicology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 08543, Princeton, NJ, USA;

关键词: Nuclear receptor;    Retinoids x receptor;    Retinoic acid receptor;    Farnesnoid x receptor;    Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α;    Liver x receptor;    Pregnane x receptor;    Chromatin immunoprecipitation;    Sequencing;    Microarray;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-14-575

 received in 2013-03-22, accepted in 2013-08-17,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe eyes and skin are obvious retinoid target organs. Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness and retinoids are widely used to treat acne and psoriasis. However, more than 90% of total body retinol is stored in liver stellate cells. In addition, hepatocytes produce the largest amount of retinol binding protein and cellular retinoic acid binding protein to mobilize retinol from the hepatic storage pool and deliver retinol to its receptors, respectively. Furthermore, hepatocytes express the highest amount of retinoid x receptor alpha (RXRα) among all the cell types. Surprisingly, the function of endogenous retinoids in the liver has received very little attention.ResultsBased on the data generated from chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, the global DNA binding of transcription factors including retinoid x receptor α (RXRα) along with its partners i.e. retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), pregnane x receptor (PXR), liver x receptor (LXR), farnesoid x receptor (FXR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has been established. Based on the binding, functional annotation illustrated the role of those receptors in regulating hepatic lipid homeostasis. To correlate the DNA binding data with gene expression data, the expression patterns of 576 genes that regulate lipid homeostasis were studied in wild type and liver RXRα-null mice treated with and without RA. The data showed that RA treatment and RXRα-deficiency had opposite effects in regulating lipid homeostasis. A subset of genes (114), which could clearly differentiate the effect of ligand treatment and receptor deficiency, were selected for further functional analysis. The expression data suggested that RA treatment could produce unsaturated fatty acids and induce triglyceride breakdown, bile acid secretion, lipolysis, and retinoids elimination. In contrast, RXRα deficiency might induce the synthesis of saturated fatty acids, triglyceride, cholesterol, bile acids, and retinoids. In addition, DNA binding data indicated extensive cross-talk among RARα, PXR, LXR, FXR, and PPARα in regulating those RA/RXRα-dependent gene expression levels. Moreover, RA reduced serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and bile acid levels in mice.ConclusionsWe have characterized the role of hepatic RA for the first time. Hepatic RA mediated through RXRα and its partners regulates lipid homeostasis.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© He et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.