Impact of phthalate and BPA exposure during in utero windows of susceptibility on reproductive hormones and sexual maturation in peripubertal males

Environmental Health

Research

Clara Blank-Goldenberg¹  Adriana Mercado-García²  Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo²  Brisa N. Sánchez³  John D. Meeker⁴  Deborah J. Watkins⁴  Joyce M. Lee⁵  Karen E. Peterson⁶ 

[1] American British Cowdray (ABC) Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico;Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, MOR, Cuernavaca, Mexico;Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 6611C SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 6611C SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;Pediatric Endocrinology, Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit (CHEAR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;

关键词: In utero exposure;    Windows of susceptibility;    Puberty;    Phthalates;    BPA;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12940-017-0278-5

 received in 2016-11-23, accepted in 2017-06-11,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundPhthalates and BPA are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) widely used in consumer products. Evidence suggests that phthalate and BPA exposure alters steroid hormone levels in adults, while in utero exposure has been associated with altered fetal reproductive development in boys. However, the impact of exposure during distinct critical windows of in utero development on hormone concentrations and sexual maturation during the pubertal transition has not been examined. The objective of this study was to assess trimester-specific in utero phthalate and BPA exposure in relation to measures of reproductive development among peripubertal boys in a Mexico City birth cohort.MethodsWe measured maternal urinary phthalate metabolites and BPA during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. We measured serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), inhibin B, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and assessed sexual maturation (Tanner staging and testicular volume) among male children at age 8–14 years (n = 109). Linear and logistic regression were used to investigate trimester-specific in utero exposure as predictors of peripubertal hormone levels and sexual maturation, respectively. In sensitivity analyses we evaluated estimated exposure at 7 weeks gestation and rates of change in exposure across pregnancy in relation to outcomes.ResultsExposure to phthalates during the third trimester was associated with reduced odds of having a Tanner stage >1 for pubic hair development (e.g. MBzP OR = 0.18 per interquartile range (IQR) increase; 95% CI:0.03–0.97) and higher peripubertal SHBG levels (e.g. MBzP 15.2%/IQR; 95% CI:3.2–28%), while first and second trimester phthalates were not. In contrast, exposure to DEHP during the first trimester was associated with higher estradiol (11%/IQR; 95% CI:1.5–22%), while second or third trimester DEHP exposure was not. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar findings.ConclusionsAssociations between in utero phthalate and BPA exposure and peripubertal measures of male reproductive development are dependent on the timing of that exposure during gestation. These findings suggest that future epidemiological studies relating in utero EDC exposure to pubertal outcomes should consider windows of susceptibility.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2017