Clinical features of suspected Ebola cases referred to the Moyamba ETC, Sierra Leone: challenges in the later stages of the 2014 outbreak

BMC Infectious Diseases

Research Article

Shoaib Hassan¹  Åsmund Øpstad²  Ola Jøsendal³  Yngvar Lunde Haaskjold³  Erling Svensen⁴  Bjørn Blomberg⁴  Paul D. Stamper⁵  David P. Roberts⁵  James Jongopi⁶  Alfred Sandy Kamara⁶  Dennis Marke⁶  Alfredo J. Moosa⁶  Pedro San José Garcés⁷  Luis Matías Zabala Fuentes⁷  Javier Arranz⁸  Melcior Riera⁹  Karen Marie Lundeby^1,10  Paula Austin^1,11  Håkon Angell Bolkan^1,12  Kurt Østhuus Krogh^1,12  Sindre Mellesmo^1,12  Åse Berg^1,13 

[1] Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Pakistan (FELTP), Islamabad, Pakistan;Haraldsplass Diaconal Hospital, Bergen, Norway;Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;MRIGlobal, Rockville, MD, USA;Moyamba District Hospital, Moyamba, Moyamba, Sierra Leone;Médicos del Mundo, Madrid, Spain;Médicos del Mundo, Madrid, Spain;Arquitecte Bennassar Health Center, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain;Instituto de Investigación de Palma (IDISPA), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain;Médicos del Mundo, Madrid, Spain;Instituto de Investigación de Palma (IDISPA), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain;Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain;Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;Sandia National Laboratories, Alburquerque, USA;St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim, Norway;Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway;

关键词: Ebola virus disease (EVD);    Sierra Leone;    Clinical features of suspected Ebola patients;    Diagnostic validation;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12879-016-1609-9

 received in 2016-02-07, accepted in 2016-06-01,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe last ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak has been the most important since 1976. EVD cases decreased drastically in Sierra Leone at the beginning of 2015. We aim to determine the clinical findings and evolution of patients admitted to an Ebola treatment center (ETC) during the epidemic’s late phase.MethodsWe analyze retrospectively data of patients admitted to the Moyamba ETC (December 2014-March 2015). Patients were classified in EVD or non-EVD patients according to the results of Ebola virus real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (ZAIRE-RT-PCR).ResultsSeventy-five patients were included, 41.3 % were positive for ZAIRE-RT-PCR. More women (68 % vs 28 %, p = 0.001) were EVD-positive. More EVD patients had previous contact with an Ebola patient (74.2 % vs 36.3 %, p < 0.001). At admission, EVD patients were more likely to have fatigue (96.7 %, p < 0.001), diarrhea (67.7 %, p = 0.002), and muscle pain (61.3 %, p = 0.009); but only objective fevers in 35.5 % of EVD patients. The most reliable criteria for diagnosis were: contact with an Ebola patient plus three WHO symptoms (LR + =3.7, 95 % CI = 1.9–7.3), and positive contact (LR + =2.3, 95 % CI = 1.15–4.20). Only 45.2 % of EVD patients developed fevers during stay, but 75 % developed gastrointestinal symptoms. Non-EVD patients had gastrointestinal problems (33 %), respiratory conditions (26.6 %), and others such as malaria, HIV or tuberculosis with a mortality rate of 11.4 %. vs 58 % in EVD group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsMore non-EVD patients were admitted in the outbreak’s late phases. The low percentage of initial fever highlights the need to emphasize the epidemiological information. EVD patients presented new symptoms getting worse and requiring closer follow-up. Diagnoses of non-EVD patients were diverse with a remarkable mortality, presenting a challenge for the health system.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2016