FRAX® tool, the WHO algorithm to predict osteoporotic fractures: the first analysis of its discriminative and predictive ability in the Spanish FRIDEX cohort

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Research Article

Núria Puchol¹  Milagros Iglesias¹  Jesús Pujol-Salud²  Daniel Prieto-Alhambra³  Maria Carmen Gisbert⁴  Pilar Sancho⁵  Rafael Azagra⁶  Francesc López-Expósito⁷  Yolanda Fernandez-Hermida⁸  Marta Zwart⁹  Genís Roca^1,10  Emili Gene^1,11  Silvia Solà^1,12  Amada Aguyé^1,13  Mireia Rosàs^1,13  Adolf Díez-Pérez^1,14  Sílvia Güell^1,15  Gloria Encabo^1,16  Juan José Antón^1,17  Pere Torán^1,18  Enrique Casado^1,19  Vicente Bou^2,20  Ana Puente^2,21  Gustavo Lansdberg^2,22  Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez^2,23 

[1] Badia del Vallès Health Centre, Catalan Health Institute, USR-MN-IDIAP Jordi Gol. c/ Bética s/n, 08214, Barcelona, Badia del Vallès, Spain;Balaguer Health Centre, Catalan Health Institute. Universitat de Lleida, c/ Àngel Guimerà, 24, 25600, Lleida, Balaguer, Spain;Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OX3 7LD, Oxford, UK;Institut Municipal d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM)-Parc de Salut Mar, URFOA, Internal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg Marítim 25, 08003, Barcelona, Spain;Cabrils Health Centre, Catalan Health Institute, c/ Cal Batalló 3, 08348, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain;Corbera de Llobregat Health Centre, Catalan Health Institute, c/ Buenos Aires, 9, 08757, Barcelona, Corbera de Llobregat, Spain;Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Psg Vall d’Hebrón 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain;Badia del Vallès Health Centre, Catalan Health Institute, USR-MN-IDIAP Jordi Gol. c/ Bética s/n, 08214, Barcelona, Badia del Vallès, Spain;Doctorate Program, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Psg Vall d’Hebrón 119–129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain;Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Psg Vall d’Hebrón 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain;Bon Pastor Health Centre. Health Institute, c/ Mollerussa s/n, 08030, Barcelona, Spain;Doctorate Program, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Psg Vall d’Hebrón 119–129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain;Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OX3 7LD, Oxford, UK;Doctorate Program, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Psg Vall d’Hebrón 119–129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain;Can Gibert del Plà-Girona-2 Health Centre, Catalan Health Institute, c/ Sant Sebastià 50, 17005, Girona, Spain;Doctorate Program, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Psg Vall d’Hebrón 119–129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain;Sant Llàtzer Health Centre, Sanitary Consortium of Terrassa, c/ de la Riba 62, 08221, Barcelona, Terrassa, Spain;Emergency Department, Hospital de Sabadell, Sanitary Consortium of Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Tauli s/n, 08208, Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain;Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), c/ Josep Trueta s/n 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;Emergency Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Catalan Health Institute. University of Barcelona, c/ de la Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;Granollers Centre Health Centre, Catalan Health Institute, c/ Museu 19, 08400, Barcelona, Granollers, Spain;Institut Municipal d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM)-Parc de Salut Mar, URFOA, Internal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Psg Marítim 25, 08003, Barcelona, Spain;Montcada i Reixach Health Centre, Catalan Health Institute, Psg de Jaume I s/n, 08110, Barcelona, Montcada i Reixac, Spain;Nuclear Medicine Service, Vall d’Hebrón University Hospital, Psg Vall d’Hebrón 119–129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain;Poble Sec 3B Health Centre, CAP Manso. Catalan Health Institute, c/ Manso, 19–27, 08015, Barcelona, Spain;Primary Health Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, Catalan Health Institute-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Rambla 227, 08223, Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain;Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Sabadell, Sanitary Consortium of Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Tauli s/n, 08208, Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain;Sanllehy Health Centre. Catalan Health Institute, Av. Mare de Déu de Montserrat, 16–18, 08024, Barcelona, Spain;Taradell Health Centre, Catalan Health Institute, C. Passeig del Pujaló, 5, 08552, Barcelona, Taradell, Spain;Universidade de José do Rosàrio Vellano. UNIFENAS, Belo Horizonte, Rua Libano - Bairro Itapoã 66, 31710-030, Belo HorizonteMinas Gerais, Brazil;Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), c/ Josep Trueta s/n 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;

关键词: Bone Mineral Density;    Femoral Neck;    Vertebral Fracture;    Osteoporotic Fracture;    Receiver Operating Characteristic;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2474-13-204

 received in 2011-09-01, accepted in 2012-10-09,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe WHO has recently published the FRAX® tool to determine the absolute risk of osteoporotic fracture at 10 years. This tool has not yet been validated in Spain.Methods/designA prospective observational study was undertaken in women in the FRIDEX cohort (Barcelona) not receiving bone active drugs at baseline. Baseline measurements: known risk factors including those of FRAX® and a DXA. Follow up data on self-reported incident major fractures (hip, spine, humerus and wrist) and verified against patient records. The calculation of absolute risk of major fracture and hip fracture was by FRAX® website. This work follows the guidelines of the STROBE initiative for cohort studies. The discriminative capacity of FRAX® was analyzed by the Area Under Curve (AUC), Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. The predictive capacity was determined using the ratio of observed fractures/expected fractures by FRAX® (ObsFx/ExpFx).ResultsThe study subjects were 770 women from 40 to 90 years of age in the FRIDEX cohort. The mean age was 56.8 ± 8 years. The fractures were determined by structured telephone questionnaire and subsequent testing in medical records at 10 years. Sixty-five (8.4%) women presented major fractures (17 hip fractures). Women with fractures were older, had more previous fractures, more cases of rheumatoid arthritis and also more osteoporosis on the baseline DXA. The AUC ROC of FRAX® for major fracture without bone mineral density (BMD) was 0.693 (CI 95%; 0.622-0.763), with T-score of femoral neck (FN) 0.716 (CI 95%; 0.646-0.786), being 0.888 (CI 95%; 0.824-0.952) and 0.849 (CI 95%; 0.737-0.962), respectively for hip fracture. In the model with BMD alone was 0.661 (CI 95%; 0.583-0.739) and 0.779 (CI 95%; 0.631-0.929). In the model with age alone was 0.668 (CI 95%; 0.603-0.733) and 0.882 (CI 95%; 0.832-0.936). In both cases there are not significant differences against FRAX® model. The overall predictive value for major fracture by ObsFx/ExpFx ratio was 2.4 and 2.8 for hip fracture without BMD. With BMD was 2.2 and 2.3 respectively. Sensitivity of the four was always less than 50%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a good correlation only after calibration with ObsFx/ExpFx ratio.ConclusionsThe current version of FRAX® for Spanish women without BMD analzsed by the AUC ROC demonstrate a poor discriminative capacity to predict major fractures but a good discriminative capacity for hip fractures. Its predictive capacity does not adjust well because leading to underdiagnosis for both predictions major and hip fractures. Simple models based only on age or BMD alone similarly predicted that more complex FRAX® models.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Azagra et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012