Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell function in relation to age: A pupillometric study in humans with special reference to the age-related optic properties of the lens

BMC Ophthalmology

Research Article

Aki Kawasaki¹  Line Kessel²  Michael Stormly Hansen²  Kristina Herbst²  Henrik Lund-Andersen²  Birgit Sander²  Adam Elias Broendsted² 

[1] Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules Gonin, Avenue de France 15, 1004, Lausanne, Switzerland;Department of Clinical Sciences Ophthalmology, University of Umea, S90185, Umea, Sweden;Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, Ndr. Ringvej 57, 2600, Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark;

关键词: Blue Light;    Pupil Size;    Pupil Response;    Baseline Pupil;    Pupil Light Response;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2415-12-4

 received in 2011-08-17, accepted in 2012-03-27,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe activity of melanopsin containing intrinsically photosensitive ganglion retinal cells (ipRGC) can be assessed by a means of pupil responses to bright blue (appr.480 nm) light. Due to age related factors in the eye, particularly, structural changes of the lens, less light reaches retina. The aim of this study was to examine how age and in vivo measured lens transmission of blue light might affect pupil light responses, in particular, mediated by the ipRGC.MethodsConsensual pupil responses were explored in 44 healthy subjects aged between 26 and 68 years. A pupil response was recorded to a continuous 20 s light stimulus of 660 nm (red) or 470 nm (blue) both at 300 cd/m2 intensity (14.9 and 14.8 log photons/cm2/s, respectively). Additional recordings were performed using four 470 nm stimulus intensities of 3, 30, 100 and 300 cd/m2. The baseline pupil size was measured in darkness and results were adjusted for the baseline pupil and gender. The main outcome parameters were maximal and sustained pupil contraction amplitudes and the postillumination response assessed as area under the curve (AUC) over two time-windows: early (0–10 s after light termination) and late (10–30 s after light termination). Lens transmission was measured with an ocular fluorometer.ResultsThe sustained pupil contraction and the early poststimulus AUC correlated positively with age (p = 0.02, p = 0.0014, respectively) for the blue light stimulus condition only.The maximal pupil contraction amplitude did not correlate to age either for bright blue or red light stimulus conditions.Lens transmission decreased linearly with age (p < 0.0001). The pupil response was stable or increased with decreasing transmission, though only significantly for the early poststimulus AUC to 300 cd/m2 light (p = 0.02).ConclusionsAge did not reduce, but rather enhance pupil responses mediated by ipRGC. The age related decrease of blue light transmission led to similar results, however, the effect of age was greater on these pupil responses than that of the lens transmission. Thus there must be other age related factors such as lens scatter and/or adaptive processes influencing the ipRGC mediated pupil response enhancement observed with advancing age.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Herbst et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.