Prevalence and predictors of resistant hypertension in a primary care setting: a cross-sectional study

BMC Family Practice

Research Article

Siew Mooi Ching¹  Yook Chin Chia² 

[1] Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia;Department of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia;Department of Primary Care Medicine, University of Malaya Primary Care Research Group (UMPCRG), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, 6845, Perth, Western Australia, Australia;

关键词: Resistant;    Hypertension;    Primary care;    Prevalence;    Predictors;    Chronic kidney disease Malaysia;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2296-15-131

 received in 2013-10-09, accepted in 2014-06-30,  发布年份 2014

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundPatients with resistant hypertension are subjected to a higher risk of getting stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and renal failure. However, the exact prevalence of resistant hypertension in treated hypertensive patients in Malaysia is not known. This paper examines the prevalence and determinants of resistant hypertension in a sample of hypertensive patients.MethodsWe examined the control of blood pressure in a randomly selected sample of patients with hypertension in a primary care clinic. Demographic data, blood pressure and anti-hypertensive drug use were captured from patient records at the end of 2007. Resistant hypertension is defined as failure to achieve target blood pressure of < 140/90 mmHg while on full doses of an appropriate three-drug regimen that includes a diuretic. Multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis.ResultsA total of 1217 patients with hypertension were entered into the analysis. Mean age of the patients was 66.8 ± 9.7 years and 64.4% were female. More than half of the subjects (56.9%) had diabetes mellitus. Median BP was 130/80 mmHg. Overall prevalence of resistant hypertension was 8.8% (N = 107/1217). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, presence of chronic kidney disease is more likely to be associated with resistant hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56-5.35). On the other hand, increase per year of age is associated with lower odds of resistant hypertension in this population (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99).ConclusionsResistant hypertension is present in nearly one in ten hypertensive patients on treatment. Hypertensive patients who have underlying chronic kidney disease are associated with higher odds of having resistant hypertension. Hence, in managing patients with hypertension, primary care physicians should be more alert and identify patients with chronic kidney disease as such patients are more likely to develop resistant hypertension. By doing that, these patients can be treated more aggressively earlier in order to achieve blood pressure target and thus reduce cardiovascular events.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Chia and Ching; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014