Impact of the institutional model on psychiatric patients in Chile from the 19th to 21st centuries: a scoping review

Frontiers in Psychiatry

Psychiatry

Mauricio Soto-Suazo¹  Ennio Vivaldi Macho²  Gustavo Gomez Barbieri³  Hernán Lechuga⁴ 

[1] Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae University, Santiago, Chile;Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute “Dr. José Horwitz Barak”, Santiago, Chile;Pregrade Department, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile;Supreme Court Expert, Santiago Chile Children's Surgeon, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile;

关键词: mental health;    psychiatry;    mental health services;    Psychiatry/history;    mental disorders;    Biological therapy/history;    Chile;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1114738

 received in 2022-12-02, accepted in 2023-07-31,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

IntroductionVarious mental health hospital models have been tested in Chile since its foundation. The institutional model with the Asylum and the Madhouse prevailed during the nineteenth century and much of the twentieth. But is deinstitutionalizing all psychiatric patients the solution?Evidence acquisitionA PubMed, Epistemonikos, Lilacs, and Google Scholar Scoping Review was carried out in the last 5 years using the PRISMA-P method and the Scoping review search strategy. The MeSH terms (“Psychiatry/history” AND “Chile”) OR (“Mental disorders” AND “therapy”) were used during the search. Finally, papers focused on clinical trial therapy evaluation were excluded, and we emphasized the effects of historical evidence.Evidence synthesisWe identified 35 primary studies, and we counted the number of articles included in the review that potentially met our inclusion criteria and noted how many studies had been missed by our search. We analyzed 10 primary studies and 10 primary historical resources that were included in this study.ConclusionThe state must become a guarantor and be responsible for its psychiatric patients and provide professional and humanitarian support to its patients, be it through community psychiatry, day hospitals, devices such as mental health clinics, or psychiatric institutes dedicated to teaching and research. Patients should not be left to the free will of their direct relatives, but rather the state should strengthen the primary care system.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
Copyright © 2023 Vivaldi Macho, Gomez Barbieri, Lechuga and Soto-Suazo.

【 图 表 】

fpsyt-14-1114738-i0004.tif

fpsyt-14-1114738-i0003.tif

fpsyt-14-1114738-i0002.tif

fonc-13-1264785-i008.tif