Influence of the circadian cycle, sex and production stage on the reference values of parameters related to stress and pathology in porcine saliva

Porcine Health Management

Research

M. Piñeiro¹  A. M. Gutiérrez²  M. Matas-Quintanilla²  J. Sotillo²  A. Bassols³  Y. Saco³  R. Peña³  F. J. Ibáñez-López⁴ 

[1] Acuvet Biotech, C/Bari 25, 50197, Zaragoza, Spain;BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain;Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain;Department of Didactic of Maths and Social Sciences, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain;

关键词: Saliva;    Biomarker;    Circadian rhythm;    Reference intervals;    Acute phase proteins;    S100A12;    ADA;    Cu;    Zn;    Oxidative status;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40813-023-00337-7

 received in 2023-05-16, accepted in 2023-09-17,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe concentration of biomarkers in saliva could be influenced by several factors not related to the specific condition under analyses, which should be considered for proper clinical interpretation. In the present study, the circadian rhythm of C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), Pig-MAP, S100A12, Cu, Zn, Adenosine deaminase (ADA), total protein (TP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), cortisol and α-amylase in saliva of 20 female and 20 male pigs was investigated. Moreover, the influence of sex and production phase (post-weaning, fattening and finishing) on the concentrations of biomarkers in a total of 414 healthy pigs was studied and the reference intervals for all salivary biomarkers were calculated accordingly.ResultsAll parameters except Pig-MAP, OSI and α-amylase varied significantly along the daytime, and most of them peak around early afternoon (13–15 h). The cosinor analysis described the temporal dynamics of circadian rhythms for all parameters. The range values showed differences between male and female pigs in 8 out of the 13 biomarkers, with higher concentrations in females in comparison to male pigs. The influence of the production phase on the salivary concentrations was observed for all the biomarkers. The highest concentrations were observed for Pig-MAP, S100A12 and α-amylase in post-weaning animals, for TP in growing pigs and for OSI in finishing animals. Most of the sex-influenced biomarkers showed the highest concentrations at growing stages with some exceptions such as ADA or Hp that showed the peak at finishing and post-weaning stages respectively.ConclusionsIt is necessary to establish the optimal daytime for routine saliva sampling to avoid circadian variations and for that end, the time interval between 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. is highly recommended. The factors sex and production phase influence the concentration of biomarkers and should be considered for proper biomarker interpretation. The reference intervals presented here for each salivary biomarker will help to correctly interpret the results of these analytes and contribute to the use of saliva as a non-invasive sample for the diagnosis and monitoring of the health status of swine farms.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023

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