Characterization of ginsenosides from Panax japonicus var. major (Zhu-Zi-Shen) based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging

Chinese Medicine

Research

Yadan Zou¹  Maoli Bai¹  Meiting Jiang¹  Xiaohang Li¹  Xiaoyan Xu¹  Hongda Wang¹  Yuying Zhao¹  Wei Wang¹  Wenzhi Yang²  Dean Guo³  Qinhua Chen⁴  Zhiming Yang⁴ 

[1] National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, 301617, Tianjin, China;Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, 301617, Tianjin, China;National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, 301617, Tianjin, China;Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, 301617, Tianjin, China;Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, 518101, Shenzhen, China;National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, 301617, Tianjin, China;Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, 301617, Tianjin, China;Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, 518101, Shenzhen, China;National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, 201203, Shanghai, China;Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, 518101, Shenzhen, China;

关键词: Panax japonicus;    Ginsenoside;    UHPLC/QTOF-MS;    DESI-MSI;    Precursor ions list;    Spatial distribution;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13020-023-00830-9

 received in 2023-07-24, accepted in 2023-08-31,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundPanax japonicus var. major (PJM) belongs to the well-known ginseng species used in west China for hundreds of years, which has the effects of lung tonifying and yin nourishing, and exerts the analgesic, antitussive, and hemostatic activities. Compared with the other Panax species, the chemical composition and the spatial tissue distribution of the bioactive ginsenosides in PJM have seldom been investigated.MethodsUltra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF-MS) and desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) were integrated for the systematic characterization and spatial tissue distribution studies of ginsenosides in the rhizome of PJM. Considering the great difficulty in exposing the minor saponins, apart from the conventional Auto MS/MS (M1), two different precursor ions list-including data-dependent acquisition (PIL-DDA) approaches, involving the direct input of an in-house library containing 579 known ginsenosides (M2) and the inclusion of the target precursors screened from the MS1 data by mass defect filtering (M3), were developed. The in situ spatial distribution of various ginsenosides in PJM was profiled based on DESI-MSI with a mass range of m/z 100–1500 in the negative ion mode, with the imaging data processed by the High Definition Imaging (HDI) software.ResultsUnder the optimized condition, 272 ginsenosides were identified or tentatively characterized, and 138 thereof were possibly not ever reported from the Panax genus. They were composed by 75 oleanolic acid type, 22 protopanaxadiol type, 52 protopanaxatriol type, 16 octillol type, 19 malonylated, 35 C-17 side-chain varied, and 53 others. In addition, the DESI-MSI experiment unveiled the differentiated distribution of saponins, but the main location in the cork layer and phloem of the rhizome. The abundance of the oleanolic acid ginsenosides was high in the rhizome slice of PJM, which was consistent with the results obtained by UHPLC/QTOF-MS.ConclusionComprehensive characterization of the ginsenosides in the rhizome of PJM was achieved, with a large amount of unknown structures unveiled primarily. We, for the first time, reported the spatial tissue distribution of different subtypes of ginsenosides in the rhizome slice of PJM. These results can benefit the quality control and further development of PJM and the other ginseng species.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© International Society for Chinese Medicine and BioMed Central Ltd. 2023

【 图 表 】

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