Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer

Experimental Hematology & Oncology

Research

Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad¹  Eunsu Kim¹  Yun Suk Huh¹  Vivek Kumar Gupta¹  Ganji Seeta Rama Raju²  Mandava Bhuvan Tej³  Henu Kumar Verma⁴  Kiran Prasad⁵  Pratik Mohanty⁵  LVKS Bhaskar⁵ 

[1] Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 22212, Incheon, Republic of Korea;Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 04620, Seoul, Republic of Korea;Department of Health Care Informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Avenue, 06825, Fair Fields, CT, USA;Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum, 85764, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany;Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India;

关键词: Prostate cancer;    Risk factors;    Diagnosis;    Treatment;    Quality of life;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40164-023-00444-9

 received in 2023-01-14, accepted in 2023-09-10,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in males and the fifth leading reason of death. Age, ethnicity, family history, and genetic defects are major factors that determine the aggressiveness and lethality of PC. The African population is at the highest risk of developing high-grade PC. It can be challenging to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk patients due to the slow progression of PC. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a revolutionary discovery for the identification of PC. However, it has led to an increase in over diagnosis and over treatment of PC in the past few decades. Even if modifications are made to the standard PSA testing, the specificity has not been found to be significant. Our understanding of PC genetics and proteomics has improved due to advances in different fields. New serum, urine, and tissue biomarkers, such as PC antigen 3 (PCA3), have led to various new diagnostic tests, such as the prostate health index, 4K score, and PCA3. These tests significantly reduce the number of unnecessary and repeat biopsies performed. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and prostatectomy are standard treatment options. However, newer novel hormone therapy drugs with a better response have been identified. Androgen deprivation and hormonal therapy are evolving as new and better options for managing hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant PC. This review aimed to highlight and discuss epidemiology, various risk factors, and developments in PC diagnosis and treatment regimens.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© YUMED Inc. and BioMed Central Ltd. 2023

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