Supplementation with inulin-type fructans affects gut microbiota and attenuates some of the cardiometabolic benefits of a plant-based diet in individuals with overweight or obesity

Frontiers in Nutrition

Nutrition

Mona Adnan Aldubayan¹  Xiaotian Mao²  Dennis S. Nielsen²  Faidon Magkos³  Lars H. Christensen³  Kristina Pigsborg³  Henrik M. Roager³  Martin Frederik Laursen⁴  Mads Fiil Hjorth⁵ 

[1] Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;Obesity and Nutritional Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Tuborg Havnevej, Hellerup, Denmark;

关键词: personalized nutrition;    precision nutrition;    microbiome;    plant-based diet;    inulin-type fructans;    prebiotics;    obesity;    cardiometabolic health;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fnut.2023.1108088

 received in 2022-11-25, accepted in 2023-03-30,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic target to improve the management of obesity and its comorbidities.ObjectiveWe investigated the impact of a high fiber (∼38 g/d) plant-based diet, consumed ad libitum, with or without added inulin-type fructans (ITF), on the gut microbiota composition and cardiometabolic outcomes in subjects with obesity. We also tested if baseline Prevotella/Bacteroides (P/B) ratio predicts weight loss outcomes.MethodsThis is a secondary exploratory analysis from the PREVENTOMICS study, in which 100 subjects (82 completers) aged 18–65 years with body mass index 27–40 kg/m2 were randomized to 10 weeks of double-blinded treatment with a personalized or a generic plant-based diet. Changes from baseline to end-of-trial in gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing), body composition, cardiometabolic health and inflammatory markers were evaluated in the whole cohort (n = 82), and also compared in the subgroup of subjects who were supplemented with an additional 20 g/d ITF-prebiotics (n = 21) or their controls (n = 22).ResultsIn response to the plant-based diet, all subjects lost weight (−3.2 [95% CI –3.9, −2.5] kg) and experienced significant improvements in body composition and cardiometabolic health indices. Addition of ITF to the plant-based diet reduced microbial diversity (Shannon index) and selectively increased Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium (q < 0.05). The change in the latter was significantly associated with higher values of insulin and HOMA-IR and lower HDL cholesterol. In addition, the LDL:HDL ratio and the concentrations of IL-10, MCP-1 and TNFα were significantly elevated in the ITF-subgroup. There was no relationship between baseline P/B ratio and changes in body weight (r = −0.07, p = 0.53).ConclusionA plant-based diet consumed ad libitum modestly decreases body weight and has multiple health benefits in individuals with obesity. Addition of ITF-prebiotics on top this naturally fiber-rich background selectively changes gut microbiota composition and attenuates some of the realized cardiometabolic benefits.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04590989], identifier [NCT04590989].

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Aldubayan, Mao, Laursen, Pigsborg, Christensen, Roager, Nielsen, Hjorth and Magkos.