Factors that predict weight loss success differ by diet intervention type

Frontiers in Nutrition

Nutrition

Michael J. Keenan¹  Jordan Losavio¹  Heidi J. Silver²  Elizabeth A. Gollub³ 

[1] College of Agriculture, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States;Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States;Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States;Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States;

关键词: obesity;    diet;    fat;    carbohydrate;    weight loss;    cardiometabolic;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fnut.2023.1192747

 received in 2023-03-23, accepted in 2023-06-27,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundMany types of diet intervention can achieve negative energy balance and successful weight loss in persons with obesity. However, within any dietary strategy, there is large inter-individual variation in the weight loss response. The aim of this study is to determine factors that predict weight loss success for diet interventions that vary by macronutrient and caloric composition.MethodsParticipants with BMI 30.0 to 49.9 kg/m2 self-selected one of three diet intervention trials for weight loss: low carbohydrate (LOW CHO), low fat (LOW FAT), or low calorie (LOW KCAL). Multivariable regression models were developed to determine the significance of predictor demographic, body composition, metabolic, clinical, and dietary variables for each diet type.ResultsWeight loss over 12–16 weeks averaging −5.1 ± 4.0 kg from baseline weight, p < 0.001, was not significantly different among diet types. Several different factors were identified that account for the inter-individual variance in weight loss success. Regardless of diet type, the most robust predictor of weight loss success was completion of the intervention, accounting for 20–30% of the variance. Factors predicting diet intervention completion were age, physical activity level, blood leptin level, blood pressure, and the amount of weight loss occurring. Differences by diet type in cardiometabolic risk factor reduction were identified with LOW CHO decreasing glycemia/insulinemia factors, LOW FAT decreasing lipidemia factors, and LOW KCAL decreasing inflammatory factors.ConclusionThese data provide evidence to inform more precise and personalized approaches to diet intervention for weight loss and cardiometabolic health.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
Copyright © 2023 Losavio, Keenan, Gollub and Silver.