Hibernation and hemostasis

Frontiers in Physiology

Physiology

Scott T. Cooper¹  Robert H. Henning²  Hjalmar R. Bouma³  Edwin L. De Vrij⁴ 

[1] Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, United States;Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;

关键词: hibernation;    torpor;    hemostasis;    platelet;    coagulation;    metabolism;    hypothermia;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fphys.2023.1207003

 received in 2023-04-16, accepted in 2023-06-12,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Hibernating mammals have developed many physiological adaptations to accommodate their decreased metabolism, body temperature, heart rate and prolonged immobility without suffering organ injury. During hibernation, the animals must suppress blood clotting to survive prolonged periods of immobility and decreased blood flow that could otherwise lead to the formation of potentially lethal clots. Conversely, upon arousal hibernators must be able to quickly restore normal clotting activity to avoid bleeding. Studies in multiple species of hibernating mammals have shown reversible decreases in circulating platelets, cells involved in hemostasis, as well as in protein coagulation factors during torpor. Hibernator platelets themselves also have adaptations that allow them to survive in the cold, while those from non-hibernating mammals undergo lesions during cold exposure that lead to their rapid clearance from circulation when re-transfused. While platelets lack a nucleus with DNA, they contain RNA and other organelles including mitochondria, in which metabolic adaptations may play a role in hibernator’s platelet resistance to cold induced lesions. Finally, the breakdown of clots, fibrinolysis, is accelerated during torpor. Collectively, these reversible physiological and metabolic adaptations allow hibernating mammals to survive low blood flow, low body temperature, and immobility without the formation of clots during torpor, yet have normal hemostasis when not hibernating. In this review we summarize blood clotting changes and the underlying mechanisms in multiple species of hibernating mammals. We also discuss possible medical applications to improve cold preservation of platelets and antithrombotic therapy.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 De Vrij, Bouma, Henning and Cooper.