Biomarkers (mRNAs and non-coding RNAs) for the diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis

Frontiers in Immunology

Immunology

Shuxin Zhong¹  Yufeng Ye²  Hanwei Chen³  Yong Jiang⁴  Juanling Weng⁵  Shenghua He⁵  Lijin Liu⁵ 

[1]Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China

[2]Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China

[3]Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China

[4]Department of Radiology, GuangzhouPanyu Health Management Center (Panyu Rehabilitation Hospital), Guangzhou, China

[5]Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China

[6]Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

[7]The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China

关键词: rheumatoid arthritis;    biomarkers;    mRNA;    non-coding RNA;    prognosis;    diagnosis;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087925

 received in 2022-11-02, accepted in 2023-01-09,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

In recent years, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have continued to improve. However, in the advanced stages of the disease, patients are unable to achieve long-term clinical remission and often suffer from systemic multi-organ damage and severe complications. Patients with RA usually have no overt clinical manifestations in the early stages, and by the time a definitive diagnosis is made, the disease is already at an advanced stage. RA is diagnosed clinically and with laboratory tests, including the blood markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the autoantibodies rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). However, the presence of RF and ACPA autoantibodies is associated with aggravated disease, joint damage, and increased mortality, and these autoantibodies have low specificity and sensitivity. The etiology of RA is unknown, with the pathogenesis involving multiple factors and clinical heterogeneity. The early diagnosis, subtype classification, and prognosis of RA remain challenging, and studies to develop minimally invasive or non-invasive biomarkers in the form of biofluid biopsies are becoming more common. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules are composed of long non-coding RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs, which play an essential role in disease onset and progression and can be used in the early diagnosis and prognosis of RA. In this review of the diagnostic and prognostic approaches to RA disease, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the subject, focusing on recent advances in mRNA–ncRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers from the biofluid to the tissue level.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Jiang, Zhong, He, Weng, Liu, Ye and Chen