Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among health workers in India: a case control study

Frontiers in Public Health

Public Health

Sanjeev Misra¹  Jayasree Krishnan²  Hilda Solomon²  Hari Krishnan²  Prakash Patel³  Pankaj Bhardwaj⁴  Chitra Tomy⁵  Minu Maria Mathew⁵  Charutha Retnakumar⁵  Leyanna Susan George⁶  Uday Narlawar⁷  Sarita Sharma⁷  Rahul Hegde⁸  Poornima Baby⁹  Mohammad Waseem Faraz Ansari^1,10  Vaishali Maheriya^1,11  M. Logaraj^1,12  Anisur Rahman^1,13  T. S. Dipu^1,14  Vaibhav Gharat^1,14  Suman Suman Bhansali^1,15  Syed Ahmed Mohiuddin^1,16  R. L. Lakshman Rao^1,16  Sushama Thakre^1,17  Rajaat Vohra^1,18  M. Shwethashree^1,19  Anil S. Bilimale^1,19  Mohammed Ahmad^2,20  Alice Simniceanu^2,21  Benedetta Allegranzi^2,21  Alessandro Cassini^2,21  Mo Yin^2,21 

[1] All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India;Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Chennai, India;Community Medicine Department, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Surat, India;Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India;Department of Community Medicine, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India;Department of Community Medicine, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India;Scientist E, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India;Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India;Department of Community Medicine, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India;Department of Microbiology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India;ESIC Medical College, Gulbarga, India;GMERS Medical College and Hospital Valsad, Valsad, India;GMERS Medical College, Sola, Ahmedabad, India;Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, India;Infectious Diseases, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, India;Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India;Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India;SN Medical College, Jodhpur, India;SRM Institutes for Medical Science, SRM University, Chennai, India;School of Public Health and Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India;WHO Country Office, Delhi, India;World Health Organization (Switzerland), Geneva, Switzerland;

关键词: COVID-19;    health worker;    nested case–control study;    comorbidities;    SARS-CoV-2;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156782

 received in 2023-02-01, accepted in 2023-05-11,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundCOVID-19 was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30th January 2020. Compared to the general population, healthcare workers and their families have been identified to be at a higher risk of getting infected with COVID-19. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the risk factors responsible for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health workers in different hospital settings and to describe the range of clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection among them.MethodologyA nested case–control study was conducted among healthcare workers who were involved in the care of COVID-19 cases for assessing the risk factors associated with it. To get a holistic perspective, the study was conducted in 19 different hospitals from across 7 states (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan) of India covering the major government and private hospitals that were actively involved in COVID-19 patient care. The study participants who were not vaccinated were enrolled using the incidence density sampling technique from December 2020 to December 2021.ResultsA total of 973 health workers consisting of 345 cases and 628 controls were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants was observed to be 31.17 ± 8.5 years, with 56.3% of them being females. On multivariate analysis, the factors that were found to be significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 were age of more than 31 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.407 [95% CI 1.53–1.880]; p = 0.021), male gender (aOR 1.342 [95% CI 1.019–1.768]; p = 0.036), practical mode of IPC training on personal protective equipment (aOR 1. 1.935 [95% CI 1.148–3.260]; p = 0.013), direct exposure to COVID-19 patient (aOR 1.413 [95% CI 1.006–1.985]; p = 0.046), presence of diabetes mellitus (aOR 2.895 [95% CI 1.079–7.770]; p = 0.035) and those received prophylactic treatment for COVID-19 in the last 14 days (aOR 1.866 [95% CI 0.201–2.901]; p = 0.006).ConclusionThe study was able to highlight the need for having a separate hospital infection control department that implements IPC programs regularly. The study also emphasizes the need for developing policies that address the occupational hazards faced by health workers.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 George, Tomy, Retnakumar, Narlawar, Bhardwaj, Krishnan, Rao, Patel, Bilimale, Baby, Mathew, Cassini, Simniceanu, Yin, Allegranzi, Ahmad, Rahman, Mohiuddin, Thakre, Bhansali, Vohra, Krishnan, Logaraj, Maheriya, Gharat, Dipu, Solomon, Sharma, Shwethashree, Hegde, Ansari and Misra.