The molecular basis of differential host responses to avian influenza viruses in avian species with differing susceptibility

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Santhalembi Chingtham¹  Ashwin A. Raut¹  Anamika Mishra¹  Periyasamy Vijayakumar¹  Rupam Dutta¹  Kenneth Baillie²  Dominika Borowska²  Bo Wang²  Paul Digard²  David W. Burt²  Katrina M. Morris²  Richard I. Kuo²  Lonneke Vervelde²  Eleanor R. Gaunt²  Jacqueline Smith² 

[1] National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Bhopal, India;The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;

关键词: avian influenza;    transcriptome;    H5N1;    chicken;    duck;    pigeon;    crow;    disease resistance;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fcimb.2023.1067993

 received in 2022-10-12, accepted in 2023-02-09,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

IntroductionHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, such as H5N1, continue to pose a serious threat to animal agriculture, wildlife and to public health. Controlling and mitigating this disease in domestic birds requires a better understanding of what makes some species highly susceptible (such as turkeyand chicken) while others are highly resistant (such as pigeon and goose). Susceptibility to H5N1 varies both with species and strain; for example, species that are tolerant of most H5N1 strains, such as crows and ducks, have shown high mortality to emerging strains in recent years. Therefore, in thisstudy we aimed to examine and compare the response of these six species, to low pathogenic avianinfluenza (H9N2) and two strains of H5N1 with differing virulence (clade 2.2 and clade 2.3.2.1) to determine how susceptible and tolerant species respond to HPAI challenge.MethodsBirds were challenged in infection trials and samples (brain, ileum and lung) were collected at three time points post infection. The transcriptomic response of birds was examined using a comparative approach, revealing several important discoveries.ResultsWe found that susceptible birds had high viral loads and strong neuro-inflammatory response in the brain, which may explain the neurological symptoms and high mortality rates exhibited following H5N1 infection. We discovered differential regulation of genes associated with nerve function in the lung and ileum, with stronger differential regulation in resistant species. This has intriguing implications for the transmission of the virus to the central nervous system (CNS) and may also indicate neuro-immune involvement at the mucosal surfaces. Additionally, we identified delayed timing of the immune response in ducks and crows following infection with the more deadly H5N1 strain, which may account for the higher mortality in thesespecies caused by this strain. Lastly, we identified candidate genes with potential roles in susceptibility/resistance which provide excellent targets for future research.DiscussionThis study has helped elucidate the responses underlying susceptibility to H5N1 influenza in avian species, which will be critical in developing sustainable strategies for future control of HPAI in domestic poultry.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Morris, Mishra, Raut, Gaunt, Borowska, Kuo, Wang, Vijayakumar, Chingtham, Dutta, Baillie, Digard, Vervelde, Burt and Smith