Association between air pollution and primary liver cancer in European and east Asian populations: a Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Public Health

Public Health

Mengting Sun¹  Manjun Luo¹  Taowei Zhong¹  Tingting Wang²  Jiabi Qin³  Ming Gao⁴ 

[1] Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China;Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China;National Health Committee (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China;Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China;National Health Committee (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China;Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;

关键词: air pollution;    primary liver cancer;    particulate matter;    nitrogen oxides;    biomarkers;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpubh.2023.1212301

 received in 2023-04-26, accepted in 2023-07-12,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

PurposeThe incidence of primary liver cancer is increasing year by year, with environmental factors playing a non-negligible role. At present, many studies are still disputing whether air pollution is associated with primary liver cancer incidence, and it is difficult to draw causal inferences. Therefore, in this study, we used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal relationship between air pollution (including PM2.5, PM2.5–10, PM10, nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides) and primary liver cancer risk and its related biomarkers (Alpha-fetoprotein, Osteopontin, Glypican-3 and Arginase-1).Patients and methodsWe used large-scale publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data to conduct MR analyses of European and East Asian populations. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analysis method, and weighted median model, MR-Egger, simple model and weighted model methods were selected for quality control. Heterogeneity was checked by the Cochran’s Q test. The MR-Egger regression and the MR-PRESSO global test detect pleiotropy. The sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method.ResultsBetween air pollution and primary liver cancer in either European (PM2.5: p = 0.993; PM2.5–10: p = 0.833; PM10: p = 0.257; nitrogen dioxide: p = 0.215; nitrogen oxides: p = 0.614) or East Asian (PM2.5: p = 0.718; PM2.5–10: p = 0.362; PM10: p = 0.720; nitrogen dioxide: p = 0.101; nitrogen oxides: p = 0.760) populations were found no statistical association. Notably, there was a causal relationship between nitrogen oxides and Arginase-1, a biomarker associated with hepatocellular differentiation, statistically significant associations remained after deletion for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with alcohol intake frequency, Body mass index (BMI) and cancers (Beta: 4.46; 95%CI: 0.83–8.08; p = 0.015). There was no heterogeneity or pleiotropy in the results.ConclusionThis MR study found no evidence to support a causality between air pollution and primary liver cancer in European and East Asian populations, but nitrogen oxides may affect hepatocellular differentiation.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Sun, Gao, Luo, Wang, Zhong and Qin.