A quantum circuit to generate random numbers within a specific interval

EPJ Quantum Technology

Research

Gloria Ortega¹  Francisco Orts¹  Ester M. Garzón¹  Ernestas Filatovas² 

[1] Informatics Department, University of Almería, Almería, Spain;Institute of Data Science and Digital Technologies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania;

关键词: Quantum random numbers;    Random number generation;    Quantum computing;    Quantum circuit;    Quantum comparator;    Clifford + T gates;   

DOI  :  10.1140/epjqt/s40507-023-00174-1

 received in 2022-07-04, accepted in 2023-05-17,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Random numbers are of vital importance in fields such as cyptography and scientific simulations. However, it is well known how difficult it is for classical computers to generate random numbers. This is not the case for quantum computers, which are able to genuinely generate random numbers thanks to the property of superposition and their counter-intuitive concept of measurement. However, despite the simplicity of designing a circuit that generates a random number between 0 and 2N−1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$2^{N}-1$\end{document} (being N the number of available qubits), designing a quantum circuit to generate a number within a specific interval is far from trivial. This paper proposes a customizable circuit design to generate random numbers. The circuit is non- hardware dependent, it allows fault-tolerance, and it can be used by current quantum devices. Therefore, it is a valuable tool for all those quantum applications and algorithms that need to work with random numbers. Moreover, a comparator circuit has also been designed as part of this work. This comparator is the best currently available in the literature in terms of qubits, T-count, and T-depth. It is therefore a useful tool for any other circuit or algorithm where this operation is needed.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

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