Overview of the TCV tokamak program: scientific progress and facility upgrades

Nuclear Fushion

article

S. Coda¹  J. Ahn²  R. Albanese³  S. Alberti¹  E. Alessi⁴  S. Allan⁵  H. Anand¹  G. Anastassiou⁶  Y. Andrèbe¹  C. Angioni⁷  M. Ariola⁸  M. Bernert⁷  M. Beurskens⁹  W. Bin⁴  P. Blanchard¹  T.C. Blanken^1,10  J.A. Boedo^1,11  T. Bolzonella^1,12  F. Bouquey²  F.H. Braunmüller¹  H. Bufferand²  P. Buratti^1,13  G. Calabró^1,13  Y. Camenen^1,14  D. Carnevale^1,15  F. Carpanese¹  F. Causa^1,13  R. Cesario^1,13  I.T. Chapman⁵  O. Chellai¹  D. Choi¹  C. Cianfarani^1,13  G. Ciraolo²  J. Citrin^1,16  S. Costea^1,17  F. Crisanti^1,13  N. Cruz^1,18  A. Czarnecka^1,19  J. Decker¹  G. De Masi^1,12  G. De Tommasi³  D. Douai²  M. Dunne⁷  B.P. Duval¹  T. Eich⁷  S. Elmore⁵  B. Esposito^1,13  M. Faitsch⁷  A. Fasoli¹  N. Fedorczak²  F. Felici^1,10  O. Février²  O. Ficker^2,20  S. Fietz⁷  M. Fontana¹  L. Frassinetti^2,21  I. Furno¹  S. Galeani^1,15  A. Gallo²  C. Galperti¹  S. Garavaglia⁴  I. Garrido^2,22  B. Geiger⁷  E. Giovannozzi^1,13  M. Gobbin^1,12  T.P. Goodman¹  G. Gorini^2,23  M. Gospodarczyk^1,15  G. Granucci⁴  J.P. Graves¹  R. Guirlet²  A. Hakola^2,24  C. Ham⁵  J. Harrison⁵  J. Hawke¹  P. Hennequin^2,25  B. Hnat^2,26  D. Hogeweij^1,16  J.-Ph. Hogge¹  C. Honoré^2,25  C. Hopf⁷  J. Horáček^2,20  Z. Huang¹  V. Igochine⁷  P. Innocente^1,12  C. Ionita Schrittwieser^1,17  H. Isliker^2,28  R. Jacquier¹  A. Jardin²  J. Kamleitner¹  A. Karpushov¹  D.L. Keeling⁵  N. Kirneva^2,29  M. Kong¹  M. Koubiti^1,14  J. Kovacic^3,31  A. Krämer-Flecken^3,32  N. Krawczyk^1,19  O. Kudlacek⁷  B. Labit¹  E. Lazzaro⁴  H.B. Le¹  B. Lipschultz^3,33  X. Llobet¹  B. Lomanowski^3,34  V.P. Loschiavo³  T. Lunt⁷  P. Maget²  E. Maljaars^1,10  A. Malygin¹  M. Maraschek⁷  C. Marini¹  P. Martin^1,12  Y. Martin¹  S. Mastrostefano⁸  R. Maurizio¹  M. Mavridis^2,28  D. Mazon²  R. McAdams⁵  R. McDermott⁷  A. Merle¹  H. Meyer⁵  F. Militello⁵  I.G. Miron^3,35  P.A. Molina Cabrera¹  J.-M. Moret¹  A. Moro⁴  D. Moulton⁵  V. Naulin^3,36  F. Nespoli¹  A.H. Nielsen^3,36  M. Nocente^2,23  R. Nouailletas²  S. Nowak⁴  T. Odstrčil⁷  G. Papp⁷  R. Papřok^2,20  A. Pau^3,37  G. Pautasso⁷  V. Pericoli Ridolfini⁸  P. Piovesan^1,12  C. Piron^1,12  T. Pisokas^2,28  L. Porte¹  M. Preynas¹  G. Ramogida^1,13  C. Rapson⁷  J. Juul Rasmussen^3,36  M. Reich⁷  H. Reimerdes¹  C. Reux²  P. Ricci¹  D. Rittich⁷  F. Riva¹  T. Robinson⁵  S. Saarelma⁵  F. Saint-Laurent²  O. Sauter¹  R. Scannell⁵  Ch. Schlatter¹  B. Schneider^1,17  P. Schneider⁷  R. Schrittwieser^1,17  F. Sciortino^3,38  M. Sertoli⁷  U. Sheikh¹  B. Sieglin⁷  M. Silva¹  J. Sinha¹  C. Sozzi⁴  M. Spolaore^1,12  T. Stange⁹  T. Stoltzfus-Dueck^3,39  P. Tamain²  A. Teplukhina¹  D. Testa¹  C. Theiler¹  A. Thornton⁵  L. Tophøj^3,36  M.Q. Tran¹  C. Tsironis⁶  C. Tsui¹  A. Uccello⁴  S. Vartanian²  G. Verdoolaege^4,40  K. Verhaegh^3,33  L. Vermare^2,25  N. Vianello¹  W.A.J. Vijvers^1,16  L. Vlahos^2,28  N.M.T. Vu^4,41  N. Walkden⁵  T. Wauters^4,42  H. Weisen¹  M. Wischmeier⁷  P. Zestanakis⁶  M. Zuin^1,12 

[1] Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ,(EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center;CEA;University of Napoli ‘Federico II’;IFP-CNR;CCFE, Culham Science Centre;National Technical University of Athens;Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik;University of Napoli Parthenope;Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinstitut Greifswald;Eindhoven University of Technology;University of California, San Diego, Energy Research Center;Consorzio RFX;Unità Tecnica Fusione;Aix-Marseille Université;University of Rome Tor Vergata;FOM Institute DIFFER ‘Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research’ Eindhoven;Institut für Ionen- und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck;Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa;Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion;Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR;Fusion Plasma Physics;Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country;Department of Physics ‘G. Occhialini’, University of Milano-Bicocca;VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd;Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas;Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford;Culham Centre for Fusion Energy;Aristotle University of Thessaloniki;Institute of Physics of Tokamaks, National Research Center ‘Kurchatov Institute’;National Research Nuclear University MEPhI ,(Moscow Engineering Physics Institute);Jožef Stefan Institute;Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung;Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York;Department of Physics, Durham University;National Institute for Laser;Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark;Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari;Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology;Princeton University, Princeton;Department of Applied Physics, UG ,(Ghent University);Laboratoire de Conception et d’Intégration des Systèmes, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble;Laboratory for Plasma Physics, Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire

关键词: TCV;    tokamak;    overview;   

DOI  :  10.1088/1741-4326/aa6412

来源: Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd.

【 摘 要 】

The TCV tokamak is augmenting its unique historical capabilities (strong shaping, strong electron heating) with ion heating, additional electron heating compatible with high densities, and variable divertor geometry, in a multifaceted upgrade program designed to broaden its operational range without sacrificing its fundamental flexibility. The TCV program is rooted in a three-pronged approach aimed at ITER support, explorations towards DEMO, and fundamental research. A 1 MW, tangential neutral beam injector (NBI) was recently installed and promptly extended the TCV parameter range, with record ion temperatures and toroidal rotation velocities and measurable neutral-beam current drive. ITER-relevant scenario development has received particular attention, with strategies aimed at maximizing performance through optimized discharge trajectories to avoid MHD instabilities, such as peeling-ballooning and neoclassical tearing modes. Experiments on exhaust physics have focused particularly on detachment, a necessary step to a DEMO reactor, in a comprehensive set of conventional and advanced divertor concepts. The specific theoretical prediction of an enhanced radiation region between the two X-points in the low-field-side snowflake-minus configuration was experimentally confirmed. Fundamental investigations of the power decay length in the scrape-off layer (SOL) are progressing rapidly, again in widely varying configurations and in both D and He plasmas; in particular, the double decay length in L-mode limited plasmas was found to be replaced by a single length at high SOL resistivity. Experiments on disruption mitigation by massive gas injection and electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) have begun in earnest, in parallel with studies of runaway electron generation and control, in both stable and disruptive conditions; a quiescent runaway beam carrying the entire electrical current appears to develop in some cases. Developments in plasma control have benefited from progress in individual controller design and have evolved steadily towards controller integration, mostly within an environment supervised by a tokamak profile control simulator. TCV has demonstrated effective wall conditioning with ECRH in He in support of the preparations for JT-60SA operation.

【 授权许可】

Unknown