Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve

Frontiers in Psychology

article

Chantal Unterfeld¹  Oliver Peters¹  Eike J. Spruth¹  Slawek Altenstein¹  Andrea Lohse⁵  Josef Priller⁶  Klaus Fliessbach⁸  Xenia Kobeleva¹  Anja Schneider⁸  Claudia Bartels⁹  Björn H. Schott⁹  Jens Wiltfang⁹  Franziska Maier^1,12  Wenzel Glanz¹  Enise I. Incesoy¹  Michaela Butryn¹  Emrah Düzel¹  Katharina Buerger¹  Daniel Janowitz^1,14  Michael Ewers¹  Luca Kleineidam⁸  Steffen Wolfsgruber¹  Anne-Sophie Weyrauch⁸  Linn E. Zulka⁸  Simon Forstmeier^1,16  Sandra Roeske¹  Hendrik van den Bussche^1,17  Hanna Kaduszkiewicz^1,17  Birgitt Wiese^1,19  Siegfried Weyerer^2,20  Jochen Werle^2,20  Angela Fuchs^2,21  Michael Pentzek^2,21  Christian Brettschneider^2,22  Hans-Helmut König^2,22  Dagmar Weeg⁶  Horst Bickel⁶  Melanie Luppa^2,23  Francisca S. Rodriguez¹  Silka Dawn Freiesleben¹  Selin Erdogan¹  Boris-Stephan Rauchmann^2,24  Robert Perneczky¹  Ingo Kilimann¹  Doreen Görß^2,28  Stefan Teipel¹  Christoph Laske¹  Matthias H. J. Munk¹  Annika Spottke¹  Nina Roy¹  Frederic Brosseron¹  Michael T. Heneka⁸  Alfredo Ramirez⁸  Renat Yakupov¹  Martin Scherer^1,17  Wolfgang Maier⁸  Frank Jessen¹  Steffi G. Riedel-Heller^2,23  Michael Wagner⁸ 

[1] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases;Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health;Department of Psychiatry, Campus Berlin-Buch, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health;Memory Clinic and Dementia Prevention Center, Experimental and Clinical Research Center;Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin;Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich;University of Edinburgh and UK DRI;Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn;Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen;Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology;Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine ,(iBiMED), University of Aveiro;Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne;Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research ,(IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University;Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research ,(ISD), University Hospital;Department of Psychology and Centre for Ageing and Health ,(AgeCap), University of Gothenburg;Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology of the Lifespan, University of Siegen;Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf;Medical Faculty, Institute of General Practice, University of Kiel;Center for Information Management, Hannover Medical School;Medical Faculty, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim/Heidelberg University;Medical Faculty, Centre for Health and Society ,(CHS), Institute of General Practice ,(ifam), Heinrich Heine University;Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf;Medical Faculty, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health ,(ISAP), University of Leipzig;Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital;Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology;Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit ,(AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London;Sheeld Institute for Translational Neuroscience ,(SITraN), University of Sheeld;Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center;Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen;Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt;Department of Neurology, University of Bonn;Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases ,(CECAD), University of Cologne;Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne;Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases

关键词: Cognitive Reserve;    brain maintenance;    brain reserve;    mid-life cognitive demands;    Alzheimer's diasease;    Occupation;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957308

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Several lifestyle factors promote protection against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) throughout a person’s lifespan. Although such protective effects have been described for occupational cognitive requirements (OCR) in midlife, it is currently unknown whether they are conveyed by brain maintenance (BM), brain reserve (BR), or cognitive reserve (CR) or a combination of them. Therefore, we systematically derived hypotheses for these resilience concepts and tested them in the population-based AgeCoDe cohort and memory clinic-based AD high-risk DELCODE study. The OCR score (OCRS) was measured using job activities based on the O*NET occupational classification system. Four sets of analyses were conducted: (1) the interaction of OCR and APOE-ε4 with regard to cognitive decline (N=2,369, AgeCoDe); (2) association with differentially shaped retrospective trajectories before the onset of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT; N=474, AgeCoDe); (3) cross-sectional interaction of the OCR and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and brain structural measures regarding memory function (N=873, DELCODE); and (4) cross-sectional and longitudinal association of OCR with CSF AD biomarkers and brain structural measures (N=873, DELCODE). Regarding (1), higher OCRS was associated with a reduced association of APOE-ε4 with cognitive decline (mean follow-up=6.03 years) , consistent with CR and BR. Regarding (2), high OCRS was associated with a later onset but subsequently stronger cognitive decline in individuals converting to DAT, consistent with CR. Regarding (3), higher OCRS was associated with a weaker association of the CSF Aβ42/40 ratio and hippocampal volume with memory function, consistent with CR. Regarding (4), OCR was not associated with the levels or changes in CSF AD biomarkers (mean follow-up=2.61 years) . We found a cross-sectional, age-independent association of OCRS with some MRI markers, but no association with 1-year-change. OCR was not associated with the intracranial volume. These results are not completely consistent with those of BR or BM. Our results clearly support the link between OCR and CR. Promoting and seeking complex and stimulating work conditions in midlife could therefore contribute to increased resistance to pathologies in old age and might complement prevention measures aimed at reducing pathology.

【 授权许可】

CC BY