Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Biomaterials Research

Review

Hassan Niknejad¹  Radman Mazloomnejad¹  Amirhesam Babajani¹  Armin Ahmadi¹  Mohammadreza Kasravi²  Siavash Shariatzadeh³  Mohammad Reza Hatamnejad⁴  Soheyl Bahrami⁵ 

[1] Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985711151, Tehran, Iran;Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985711151, Tehran, Iran;Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA;Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria;

关键词: Decellularization;    Tissue engineering;    Extracellular matrix;    Translational medicine;    Immune response;    Biologic scaffold;    Recellularization;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40824-023-00348-z

 received in 2022-11-22, accepted in 2023-01-30,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Tissue-engineered decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds hold great potential to address the donor shortage as well as immunologic rejection attributed to cells in conventional tissue/organ transplantation. Decellularization, as the key process in manufacturing ECM scaffolds, removes immunogen cell materials and significantly alleviates the immunogenicity and biocompatibility of derived scaffolds. However, the application of these bioscaffolds still confronts major immunologic challenges. This review discusses the interplay between damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and antigens as the main inducers of innate and adaptive immunity to aid in manufacturing biocompatible grafts with desirable immunogenicity. It also appraises the impact of various decellularization methodologies (i.e., apoptosis-assisted techniques) on provoking immune responses that participate in rejecting allogenic and xenogeneic decellularized scaffolds. In addition, the key research findings regarding the contribution of ECM alterations, cytotoxicity issues, graft sourcing, and implantation site to the immunogenicity of decellularized tissues/organs are comprehensively considered. Finally, it discusses practical solutions to overcome immunogenicity, including antigen masking by crosslinking, sterilization optimization, and antigen removal techniques such as selective antigen removal and sequential antigen solubilization.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

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