Risk factors associated with low bone mineral density in children with idiopathic scoliosis: a scoping review

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Research

Yuqi Yang¹  Zhengquan Chen²  Jing Tao²  Zefan Huang²  Xuan Zhou²  Xin Li²  Qing Du³ 

[1] College of Global Public Health, New York University, 10003, New York, NY, USA;Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China;Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China;Chongming Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 202150, Shanghai, China;

关键词: Idiopathic Scoliosis;    Bone Mineral Density;    Osteoporosis;    Etiology;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12891-023-06157-8

 received in 2022-07-11, accepted in 2023-01-11,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundChildren with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) have a high risk of osteoporosis and IS with low bone mineral density (BMD) are susceptible to curve progression. This review aims to explore the risk factors of low BMD in children with IS.MethodsStudies were retrieved from 5 databases that were published up to January 2022. Search terms are keywords in titles or abstracts, including subject headings related to “Scoliosis”, “Bone Mineral Density”, and “Risk Factors”. Observational studies on risk factors of low BMD in children with IS were enrolled in this review. The number of studies, sample size, outcome measures, research type, endocrine, and lifestyle-related factors, gene/signal pathway, and other contents were extracted for qualitative analysis.ResultsA total of 56 studies were included in this scoping review. Thirty studies involved genetic factors that may affect BMD, including the Vitamin-D receptor gene, RANK/RANKL signal pathway, the function of mesenchymal stem cells, Runx2, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and miR-145/β-catenin pathway. Eight studies mentioned the influence of endocrine factors on BMD, and the results showed that serum levels of IL-6, leptin and its metabolites, and ghrelin in children with IS were different from the age-matched controls. In addition, there were 18 articles on lifestyle-related factors related to low BMD in children with IS, consisting of physical activity, calcium intake, Vitamin D level, and body composition.ConclusionsGenetic, endocrine, and lifestyle-related factors might relate to low BMD and even osteoporosis in IS. To prevent osteoporosis, the effectiveness of regular screening for low BMD risk factors in children with IS needs to be investigated. Additionally, clear risk factors suggest strategies for bone intervention. Future studies should consider the effectiveness of calcium and vitamin D supplements and physical activity in BMD improvement.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

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