Review: structure and modifications of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs)

BMC Plant Biology

Review

Panagiotis Kalaitzis¹  Agata Leszczuk²  Joanna Kulik²  Artur Zdunek² 

[1] Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, P.O. Box 85, 73100, Chania, Greece;Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland;

关键词: Arabinogalactan proteins;    Cell wall;    Development;    Growth;    Plant tissue;    Plasma membrane;    Proteoglycans;    Ripening;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12870-023-04066-5

 received in 2022-08-03, accepted in 2023-01-13,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

The aim of this report is to provide general information on the molecular structure and synthesis of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in association to their physiological significance. Assessment of genetic modifications of the activity of enzymes involved in the AGP biosynthesis is an efficient tool to study AGP functions. Thus, P4H (prolyl 4 hydroxylase) mutants, GLCAT (β-glucuronosyltransferase) mutants, and GH43 (glycoside hydrolase family 43) mutants have been described. We focused on the overview of AGPs modifications observed at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels. Inhibition of the hydroxylation process results in an increase in the intensity of cell divisions and thus, has an impact on root system length and leaf area. In turn, overexpression of P4H genes stimulates the density of root hairs. A mutation in GLCAT genes responsible for the transfer of glucuronic acid to the AGP molecule revealed that the reduction of GlcA in AGP disrupts the substantial assembly of the primary cell wall. Furthermore, silencing of genes encoding GH43, which has the ability to hydrolyze the AGP glycan by removing incorrectly synthesized β-1,3-galactans, induces changes in the abundance of other cell wall constituents, which finally leads to root growth defects. This information provides insight into AGPs as a crucial players in the structural interactions present in the plant extracellular matrix.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

Fig. 1