Adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac vaccine

Virology Journal

Research

Hui Wang¹  Liangwei Duan¹  Jihui Yang²  Qi Wang³  Yana Wang³  Liangliang Chang⁴  Yongxue Lv⁴  Chan Wang⁴  Jia Tao⁴  Junliang Li⁴  Songhao Yang⁴  Yazhou Zhu⁴  Jia Wen⁴  Cuiying Zhang⁴  Xiancai Du⁴  Wei Zhao⁵ 

[1] Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China;Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China;Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China;School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China;School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China;Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China;School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China;Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China;Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China;

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    Inactivated vaccine;    CD4T cells;    CD8T cells;    Memory B cells;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12985-022-01957-1

 received in 2022-10-26, accepted in 2022-12-19,  发布年份 2022

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAdaptive immune response has been thought to play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The role of B cells, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells are different in vaccine-induced immune response, thus it is imperative to explore the functions and kinetics of adaptive immune response. We collected blood samples from unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. To assess the mechanisms contributing to protective immunity of CoronaVac vaccines, we mapped the kinetics and durability of humoral and cellular immune responses after primary and boost vaccination with CoronaVac vaccine in different timepoints.Materials and methodsWe separate PBMC and plasma from blood samples. The differentiation and function of RBD-spcific CD4+T and CD8+T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA. Antibodies response was analyzed by ELISA. ELISPOT analysis was perfomed to detected the RBD-spcific memory B cells. CBA analysis was performed to detected the cytokine immune profiles. Graphpad prism 8 and Origin 2021 were used for statistical analysis.ResultsVaccine-induced CD4+T cell responses to RBD were more prominent than CD8+T cell responses, and characterized by a predominant Th1 and weak Th17 helper response. CoronaVac vaccine triggered predominant IgG1 antibody response and effectively recalled specific antibodies to RBD protein after booster vaccination. Robust antigen-specific memory B cells were detected (p < 0.0001) following booster vaccination and maintained at 6 months (p < 0.0001) following primary vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD4+T cells correlated with CD8+T cells (r = 0.7147, 0.3258, p < 0.0001, p = 0.04), memory B cell responses (r = 0.7083, p < 0.0001), and IgG and IgA (r = 0.6168, 0.5519, p = 0.0006, 0.003) after vaccination. In addition, vaccine induced a broader and complex cytokine pattern in plasma at early stage.ConclusionTaken together, these results highlight the potential role of B cell and T cell responses in vaccine-induced long-term immunity.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2022

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