Exosomal PD-L1 induces osteogenic differentiation and promotes fracture healing by acting as an immunosuppressant

Bioactive Materials

Wu Zhou¹  Liangcong Hu²  Yiqiang Hu²  Chuanchuan Lin²  Yuan Xiong²  Bobin Mi²  Hang Xue²  Faqi Cao²  Kaiyong Cai³  Ze Lin⁴  Lang Chen⁴  Qian Feng⁴  Xudong Xie⁴  Yun Sun⁴  Weilin Meng⁴  Guodong Liu⁴  Chenchen Yan⁵  Adriana C. Panayi⁶  Lili Chen⁷  Guohui Liu⁸ 

[1] Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China;Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China;Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China;Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China;Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02152, USA;Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China;Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China;Medical Center of Trauma and War Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China;

关键词: PD-L1;    Exosome;    Fracture healing;    Hydrogel;    Immunotherapy;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

A moderate inflammatory response at the early stages of fracture healing is necessary for callus formation. Over-active and continuous inflammation, however, impairs fracture healing and leads to excessive tissue damage. Adequate fracture healing could be promoted through suppression of local over-active immune cells in the fracture site. In the present study, we achieved an enriched concentration of PD-L1 from exosomes (Exos) of a genetically engineered Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVECs), and demonstrated that exosomes overexpressing PD-L1 specifically bind to PD-1 on the T cell surface, suppressing the activation of T cells. Furthermore, exosomal PD-L1 induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) towards osteogenic differentiation when pre-cultured with T cells. Moreover, embedding of Exos into an injectable hydrogel allowed Exos delivery to the surrounding microenvironment in a time-released manner. Additionally, exosomal PD-L1, embedded in a hydrogel, markedly promoted callus formation and fracture healing in a murine model at the early over-active inflammation phase. Importantly, our results suggested that activation of T cells in the peripheral lymphatic tissues was inhibited after local administration of PD-L1-enriched Exos to the fracture sites, while T cells in distant immune organs such as the spleen were not affected. In summary, this study provides the first example of using PD-L1-enriched Exos for bone fracture repair, and highlights the potential of Hydrogel@Exos systems for bone fracture therapy through immune inhibitory effects.

【 授权许可】

Unknown