Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Tyrell J. Simkins¹  Greg J. Duncan²  Ben Emery³ 

[1] Science University, Portland, OR, United States;;Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &;Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &

关键词: oligodendrocyte;    remyelination;    axonal degeneration;    demyelination;    multiple sclerosis;    Wallerian degeneration;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fcell.2021.653101

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes is a highly complex cell-to-cell interaction. Oligodendrocytes and axons have a reciprocal signaling relationship in which oligodendrocytes receive cues from axons that direct their myelination, and oligodendrocytes subsequently shape axonal structure and conduction. Oligodendrocytes are necessary for the maturation of excitatory domains on the axon including nodes of Ranvier, help buffer potassium, and support neuronal energy metabolism. Disruption of the oligodendrocyte-axon unit in traumatic injuries, Alzheimer’s disease and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis results in axonal dysfunction and can culminate in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which demyelination and loss of oligodendrocytes compromise axons. We highlight the intra-axonal cascades initiated by demyelination that can result in irreversible axonal damage. Both the restoration of oligodendrocyte myelination or neuroprotective therapies targeting these intra-axonal cascades are likely to have therapeutic potential in disorders in which oligodendrocyte support of axons is disrupted.

【 授权许可】

Unknown