Carcinogenesis as Side Effects of Iron and Oxygen Utilization: From the Unveiled Truth toward Ultimate Bioengineering

Cancers

Zhen Cheng¹  Shotaro Hayashi¹  Li Jiang¹  Shinya Akatsuka¹  Yingyi Kong¹  Izumi Yanatori¹  Yasumasa Okazaki¹  Shinya Toyokuni¹  Kotaro Sato¹  Fumiya Ito¹ 

[1] Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;

关键词: iron;    oxidative stress;    ferroptosis;    carcinogenesis;    nanomaterial;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cancers12113320

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Evolution from the first life on earth to humans took ~3.8 billion years. During the time there have been countless struggles among the species. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the last major uncontrollable species against the human public health worldwide. After the victory with antibiotics, cancer has become the leading cause of death since 1981 in Japan. Considering that life inevitably depends on ceaseless electron transfers through iron and oxygen, we believe that carcinogenesis is intrinsically unavoidable side effects of using iron and oxygen. Many animal models unequivocally revealed that excess iron is a risk for carcinogenesis. This is supported by a variety of human epidemiological data on cancer risk and prognosis. Cancer is basically a disease of the genome with persistently activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressor genes through which iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance is maintained. Engineering has made a great advance in the past 50 years. In particular, nanotechnology is distinct in that the size of the engineered molecules is similar to that of our biomolecules. While some nano-molecules are found carcinogenic, there are principles to avoid such carcinogenicity with a smart possibility to use nano-molecules to specifically kill cancer cells. Non-thermal plasma is another modality to fight against cancer.

【 授权许可】

Unknown